Han Xiao-zeng, Zou Wen-xiu, Wang Feng-xian, Wang Feng-ju
Northeast Institute of Geography and Agro-ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2009 Dec;20(12):2996-3002.
The clayey farmland soil in black soil region of Northeast China, due to the existence of thicker plough pan created by unreasonable tillage, is a main limiting factor for local agricultural production. In this paper, a field experiment was conducted to study the construction effect of fertile cultivated layer on crop yield, soil physical properties, soil moisture content, and soil microbial number. After the construction of fertile cultivated layer, the soil had a thicker cultivated layer, and the crop yield was increased. Comparing with traditional tillage, applying straw and organic manure into 20-35 cm soil layer decreased soil bulk density by 9.88% and 6.20%, increased soil porosity by 9.58% and 6.02%, and enhanced soil saturated hydraulic conductivity by 167.99 and 73.78%, respectively, indicating that the construction of fertile cultivated layer could improve soil aeration and water permeability, and enhance the infiltration of rainfall. The soil moisture content and water use efficiency under the application of straw and organic manure into plough pan were higher than those under traditional tillage, and a positive correlation was observed between the moisture content in 0-35 cm soil layer and the emergence of maize seedlings. Due to the increased organic carbon source and aeration in the constructed fertile cultivated layer, soil microbial number was also increased.
中国东北黑土区的农田黏土，由于不合理耕作形成了较厚的犁底层，是当地农业生产的主要限制因素。本文通过田间试验研究了肥沃耕层构建对作物产量、土壤物理性质、土壤含水量及土壤微生物数量的影响。构建肥沃耕层后，土壤耕层变厚，作物产量增加。与传统耕作相比，在20-35厘米土层施用秸秆和有机肥，土壤容重分别降低了9.88%和6.20%，土壤孔隙度分别增加了9.58%和6.02%，土壤饱和导水率分别提高了167.99和73.78%，表明构建肥沃耕层可改善土壤通气性和透水性，增强降雨入渗。在犁底层施用秸秆和有机肥处理下的土壤含水量和水分利用效率高于传统耕作，且0-35厘米土层含水量与玉米出苗呈正相关。由于构建的肥沃耕层中有机碳源增加和通气性增强，土壤微生物数量也增加了。
