Gao Rui-Min, Yan Jun, Han Xiao-Zeng, Chen Xu, Zou Wen-Xiu, Lu Xin-Chun, Piao Yong-Jie, Jiang Rui
1 Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, China.
2 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2024 Jun;35(6):1590-1598. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202406.016.
Soil organic matter serves as a crucial indicator for soil quality. Albic soil, characterized by a barrier layer, exhibits limitations in organic matter content, which can adversely affect crop growth and development. To elucidate the impact of deep mixing of various organic materials on the redistribution of organic matter in the surface soil of albic soil could provide theoretical and technical insights for establishing suitable plough layers for albic soil in Northeast China. We conducted a two-year positioning experiment in Shuangyashan, Heilongjiang Province with five treatments, conventional shallow tillage (0-15 cm, CK), inversion tillage (0-35 cm) without or with straw return (T and T+S), inversion tillage with cattle manure (T+M) and cattle manure plus maize straw (T+S+M). The results showed that soil fertilization via deep mixing of organic materials to a depth of 35 cm significantly increased maize yield in albic soil, with the T+S+M treatment demonstrating the most pronounced effect, yielding an average production of 2934.76 kg·hm. Compared to CK, the T treatment resulted in a significant 8.4% decrease in organic matter content in the tillage layer, a significant 7.6% increase in organic matter in the sub-tillage layer, and a relative richness degree of soil organic matter in the sub-tillage layer increased by 17.5%. Deep mixed return of organic materials following deep ploughing markedly increased organic matter content of the plough layer, with organic matter conversion ranging from 16.3% to 31.0%. In comparison to the T treatment, there was no significant increase in soil organic matter content in the T+S tillage layer and sub-tillage layer. Conversely, soil organic matter content increased by 4.6% and 6.9% in the T+M and T+S+M treatments, with corresponding increase of 11.2% and 15.4% in sub-tillage layer, respectively. Additionally, the soil organic matter richness index in sub-tillage layer increased by 2.5% and 5.1%, respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between organic matter content in the entire plough layer and maize yield, with a contribution rate of 17.5%. Therefore, the utilization of organic fertilizer or a combination of organic fertilizer and straw deep mixing can quickly fertilize albic soil by increasing soil organic matter content in both the whole tillage layer (0-35 cm) and the sub-tillage layer (15-35 cm).
土壤有机质是土壤质量的关键指标。白浆土存在障碍层，其有机质含量受限，会对作物生长发育产生不利影响。阐明不同有机物料深翻对白浆土表层土壤有机质再分配的影响，可为东北地区白浆土适宜耕作层的建立提供理论和技术依据。我们在黑龙江省双鸭山市进行了为期两年的定位试验，设置了5种处理，分别为常规浅耕（0 - 15厘米，CK）、不施秸秆和施秸秆的翻耕（0 - 35厘米，T和T + S）、施牛粪的翻耕（T + M）以及牛粪加玉米秸秆的翻耕（T + S + M）。结果表明，将有机物料深翻至35厘米深度对白浆土进行土壤培肥，显著提高了玉米产量，其中T + S + M处理效果最为显著，平均产量达2934.76千克·公顷。与CK相比，T处理使耕作层有机质含量显著降低8.4%，亚耕作层有机质含量显著增加7.6%，亚耕作层土壤有机质相对丰富度增加了17.5%。深耕后有机物料深翻还田显著提高了耕作层有机质含量，有机质转化率在16.3%至31.0%之间。与T处理相比，T + S处理的耕作层和亚耕作层土壤有机质含量无显著增加。相反，T + M和T + S + M处理的土壤有机质含量分别增加了4.6%和6.9%，亚耕作层相应增加了11.2%和15.4%。此外，亚耕作层土壤有机质丰富度指数分别增加了2.5%和5.1%。整个耕作层有机质含量与玉米产量呈显著正相关，贡献率为17.5%。因此，施用有机肥或有机肥与秸秆深翻结合，可通过增加整个耕作层（0 - 35厘米）和亚耕作层（15 - 35厘米）的土壤有机质含量，快速对白浆土进行培肥。
