Vector Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, L3 5QA, UK.
BMC Genomics. 2010 Mar 30;11:213. doi: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-213.
Blood feeding evolved independently in worms, arthropods and mammals. Among the adaptations to this peculiar diet, these animals developed an armament of salivary molecules that disarm their host's anti-bleeding defenses (hemostasis), inflammatory and immune reactions. Recent sialotranscriptome analyses (from the Greek sialo = saliva) of blood feeding insects and ticks have revealed that the saliva contains hundreds of polypeptides, many unique to their genus or family. Adult tsetse flies feed exclusively on vertebrate blood and are important vectors of human and animal diseases. Thus far, only limited information exists regarding the Glossina sialome, or any other fly belonging to the Hippoboscidae.
As part of the effort to sequence the genome of Glossina morsitans morsitans, several organ specific, high quality normalized cDNA libraries have been constructed, from which over 20,000 ESTs from an adult salivary gland library were sequenced. These ESTs have been assembled using previously described ESTs from the fat body and midgut libraries of the same fly, thus totaling 62,251 ESTs, which have been assembled into 16,743 clusters (8,506 of which had one or more EST from the salivary gland library). Coding sequences were obtained for 2,509 novel proteins, 1,792 of which had at least one EST expressed in the salivary glands. Despite library normalization, 59 transcripts were overrepresented in the salivary library indicating high levels of expression. This work presents a detailed analysis of the salivary protein families identified. Protein expression was confirmed by 2D gel electrophoresis, enzymatic digestion and mass spectrometry. Concurrently, an initial attempt to determine the immunogenic properties of selected salivary proteins was undertaken.
The sialome of G. m. morsitans contains over 250 proteins that are possibly associated with blood feeding. This set includes alleles of previously described gene products, reveals new evidence that several salivary proteins are multigenic and identifies at least seven new polypeptide families unique to Glossina. Most of these proteins have no known function and thus, provide a discovery platform for the identification of novel pharmacologically active compounds, innovative vector-based vaccine targets, and immunological markers of vector exposure.
血液摄取在蠕虫、节肢动物和哺乳动物中独立进化。为了适应这种特殊的饮食，这些动物开发了一套唾液分子的武器，使它们的宿主的抗出血防御（止血）、炎症和免疫反应失效。最近对吸血昆虫和蜱的唾液转录组分析（源自希腊语 sialo = 唾液）揭示了唾液中含有数百种多肽，其中许多是它们属或家族所特有的。成年采采蝇仅以脊椎动物的血液为食，是人类和动物疾病的重要传播媒介。到目前为止，关于 Glossina sialome 或任何其他属于 Hippoboscidae 的苍蝇的信息还很有限。
作为 Glossina morsitans morsitans 基因组测序工作的一部分，已经构建了几个器官特异性的高质量标准化 cDNA 文库，从中测序了来自成年唾液腺文库的超过 20000 个 EST。这些 EST 使用来自同一果蝇的脂肪体和中肠文库的先前描述的 EST 进行组装，因此总共 62251 个 EST 被组装成 16743 个簇（其中 8506 个簇具有一个或多个来自唾液腺文库的 EST）。获得了 2509 个新蛋白的编码序列，其中 1792 个在唾液腺中有至少一个 EST 表达。尽管进行了文库归一化，但在唾液文库中仍有 59 个转录本过度表达，表明表达水平很高。这项工作对鉴定的唾液蛋白家族进行了详细分析。通过 2D 凝胶电泳、酶消化和质谱法确认了蛋白表达。同时，还进行了确定选定唾液蛋白免疫原性特性的初步尝试。
G. m. morsitans 的唾液组包含超过 250 种可能与吸血有关的蛋白质。这一组包括先前描述的基因产物的等位基因，提供了新的证据表明，几种唾液蛋白是多基因的，并鉴定了至少七个 Glossina 特有的新多肽家族。这些蛋白质中的大多数没有已知的功能，因此为发现新的药理学活性化合物、基于载体的创新疫苗靶点以及载体暴露的免疫标志物提供了一个发现平台。
