Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition (DIfE) Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116, 14558 Nuthetal, Germany.
Eur Heart J. 2010 Jul;31(13):1616-23. doi: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq068. Epub 2010 Mar 30.
To investigate the association of chocolate consumption with measured blood pressure (BP) and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD).
Dietary intake, including chocolate, and BP were assessed at baseline (1994-98) in 19 357 participants (aged 35-65 years) free of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke and not using antihypertensive medication of the Potsdam arm of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Incident cases of MI (n = 166) and stroke (n = 136) were identified after a mean follow-up of approximately 8 years. Mean systolic BP was 1.0 mmHg [95% confidence interval (CI) -1.6 to -0.4 mmHg] and mean diastolic BP 0.9 mmHg (95% CI -1.3 to -0.5 mmHg) lower in the top quartile compared with the bottom quartile of chocolate consumption. The relative risk of the combined outcome of MI and stroke for top vs. bottom quartiles was 0.61 (95% CI 0.44-0.87; P linear trend = 0.014). Baseline BP explained 12% of this lower risk (95% CI 3-36%). The inverse association was stronger for stroke than for MI.
Chocolate consumption appears to lower CVD risk, in part through reducing BP. The inverse association may be stronger for stroke than for MI. Further research is needed, in particular randomized trials.
研究巧克力摄入量与血压（BP）和心血管疾病（CVD）发病率之间的关系。
在欧洲癌症与营养前瞻性调查（EPIC）波茨坦分部中，19357 名无心肌梗死（MI）和中风且未使用抗高血压药物的 35-65 岁参与者（基线 1994-98 年）评估了膳食摄入，包括巧克力和 BP。在大约 8 年的中位随访后，确定了 MI（n=166）和中风（n=136）的发病病例。与巧克力摄入量最低四分位数相比，最高四分位数的平均收缩压低 1.0 mmHg（95%置信区间（CI）-1.6 至-0.4 mmHg），平均舒张压低 0.9 mmHg（95% CI-1.3 至-0.5 mmHg）。最高四分位数与最低四分位数相比，MI 和中风的复合结局的相对风险为 0.61（95% CI 0.44-0.87；P 线性趋势=0.014）。基线 BP 解释了这种较低风险的 12%（95% CI 3-36%）。这种反比关系在中风中比在 MI 中更强。
巧克力的摄入量似乎可以降低 CVD 风险，部分原因是降低了血压。这种反比关系在中风中可能比在 MI 中更强。需要进一步的研究，特别是随机试验。
