He Shaoyu, Wen Huai, Fu Yicheng, Chen Cheng, Xu Mengchang, Zhang Manling, Zhao Mingyi, Zhao Shangping
Department of Pediatrics The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University Changsha China.
Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of the Research and Development of Novel Pharmaceutical Preparations Changsha Medical University Changsha China.
Food Sci Nutr. 2025 May 2;13(5):e70229. doi: 10.1002/fsn3.70229. eCollection 2025 May.
Dietary modification plays a crucial role in preventing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), but evidence linking specific diets to stroke and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is limited. This study investigates causal relationships between defined dietary exposures (e.g., fruit/vegetable intake, muesil consumption) and CVD outcomes, while evaluating the potential mediating role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). We employed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) using genetic data from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in the UK Biobank and IEU database, validated with FinnGen data, to examine causal relationships between 83 dietary habits and CVD. Additionally, a meta-analysis was conducted using studies from PubMed and Web of Science to assess diet-stroke associations. Random-effects models were applied to estimate pooled relative risks (RR), with sensitivity analyses for robustness. MR identified eight significant diet-AMI and eighteen diet-stroke associations, but HDL-C did not mediate the diet-stroke relationship. The meta-analysis of 50 studies confirmed a link between specific diets and stroke risk. This study confirms associations between specific dietary factors and stroke/AMI, though HDL-C's role in AMI is unclear. These results reinforce the importance of targeted dietary modifications in primary prevention, and further research is needed to clarify underlying mechanisms.
饮食调整在预防心血管疾病（CVD）中起着至关重要的作用，但将特定饮食与中风和急性心肌梗死（AMI）联系起来的证据有限。本研究调查了特定饮食暴露（如水果/蔬菜摄入量、食用燕麦片）与心血管疾病结局之间的因果关系，同时评估了高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）的潜在中介作用。我们使用来自英国生物银行和IEU数据库的全基因组关联研究（GWAS）的遗传数据进行两样本孟德尔随机化（MR），并通过芬兰基因研究数据进行验证，以检验83种饮食习惯与心血管疾病之间的因果关系。此外，还使用来自PubMed和科学网的研究进行了荟萃分析，以评估饮食与中风的关联。应用随机效应模型来估计合并相对风险（RR），并进行敏感性分析以确保稳健性。MR确定了8种显著的饮食与AMI关联以及18种饮食与中风关联，但HDL-C并未介导饮食与中风的关系。对50项研究的荟萃分析证实了特定饮食与中风风险之间的联系。本研究证实了特定饮食因素与中风/AMI之间的关联，尽管HDL-C在AMI中的作用尚不清楚。这些结果强化了针对性饮食调整在一级预防中的重要性，需要进一步研究以阐明潜在机制。
