Utah State University, USA.
J Exp Anal Behav. 2009 Sep;92(2):199-214. doi: 10.1901/jeab.2009.92-199.
Stimuli uncorrelated with reinforcement have been shown to enhance response rates and resistance to disruption; however, the effects of different rates of stimulus presentations have not been assessed. In two experiments, we assessed the effects of adding different rates of response-dependent brief stimuli uncorrelated with primary reinforcement on relative response rates and resistance to change. In both experiments, pigeons responded on variable-interval 60-s schedules of food reinforcement in two components of a multiple schedule, and brief response-dependent keylight-color changes were added to one or both components. Although relative response rates were not systematically affected in either experiment, relative resistance to presession feeding and extinction were. In Experiment 1, adding stimuli on a variable-interval schedule to one component of a multiple schedule either at a low rate (1 per min) for one group or at a high rate (4 per min) for another group similarly increased resistance to disruption in the components with added stimuli. When high and low rates of stimuli were presented across components (i.e., within subjects) in Experiment 2, however, relative resistance to disruption was greater in the component presenting stimuli at a lower rate. These results suggest that stimuli uncorrelated with food reinforcement do not strengthen responding in the same way as primary reinforcers.
与强化无关的刺激已被证明可以提高反应率并增强对破坏的抵抗力；然而，不同刺激呈现率的影响尚未得到评估。在两项实验中，我们评估了在与主要强化无关的、与反应相关的短暂刺激的不同呈现率的情况下，添加这些刺激对相对反应率和对变化的抵抗力的影响。在两项实验中，鸽子在食物强化的可变间隔 60 秒时间表的两个部分中进行反应，并且在一个或两个部分中添加了短暂的与反应相关的键光颜色变化。尽管在任何一项实验中，相对反应率都没有系统地受到影响，但相对抵抗餐前进食和消退的能力却受到了影响。在实验 1 中，将在可变间隔时间表上的刺激添加到多重时间表的一个部分中，对于一组来说，刺激以低速率（每分钟 1 次）呈现，对于另一组来说，刺激以高速率（每分钟 4 次）呈现，这两种情况都以相似的方式增加了添加刺激的部分的破坏抵抗力。然而，在实验 2 中，当高和低速率的刺激在不同的部分（即，在被试间）呈现时，以较低速率呈现刺激的部分的相对破坏抵抗力更大。这些结果表明，与食物强化无关的刺激不会以与主要强化物相同的方式增强反应。
