Ando Yoshinori
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Meijo University, Shiogamaguchi 1-501, Tenpaku-ku, Nagoya 468-8502, Japan.
J Nanosci Nanotechnol. 2010 Jun;10(6):3726-38. doi: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2017.
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were serendipitously discovered as a byproduct of fullerenes by direct current (DC) arc discharge; and today this is the most-wanted material in the nanotechnology research. In this brief review, I begin with the history of the discovery of CNTs and focus on CNTs produced by arc discharge in hydrogen atmosphere, which is little explored outside my laboratory. DC arc discharge evaporation of pure graphite rod in pure hydrogen gas results in multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) of high crystallinity in the cathode deposit. As-grown MWCNTs have very narrow inner diameter. Raman spectra of these MWCNTs show high-intensity G-band, unusual high-frequency radial breathing mode at 570 cm(-1), and a new characteristic peak near 1850 cm(-1). Exciting carbon nanowires (CNWs), consisting of a linear carbon chain in the center of MWCNTs are also produced. Arc evaporation of graphite rod containing metal catalysts results in single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) in the whole chamber like macroscopic webs. Two kinds of arc method have been developed to produce SWCNTs: Arc plasma jet (APJ) and Ferrum-Hydrogen (FH) arc methods. Some new purification methods for as-produced SWCNTs are reviewed. Finally, double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) are also described.
碳纳米管（CNTs）最初是在通过直流（DC）电弧放电制备富勒烯时作为副产物偶然发现的；如今，它是纳米技术研究中最热门的材料。在这篇简短的综述中，我首先介绍碳纳米管的发现历史，并重点关注在氢气气氛中通过电弧放电制备的碳纳米管，这在我的实验室之外鲜有人研究。在纯氢气中对纯石墨棒进行直流电弧放电蒸发，会在阴极沉积物中产生高结晶度的多壁碳纳米管（MWCNTs）。生长后的多壁碳纳米管内径非常窄。这些多壁碳纳米管的拉曼光谱显示出高强度的G带、在570 cm⁻¹处异常高频的径向呼吸模式以及在1850 cm⁻¹附近的一个新特征峰。令人兴奋的是，还会产生由多壁碳纳米管中心的线性碳链组成的碳纳米线（CNWs）。含有金属催化剂的石墨棒电弧蒸发会在整个腔室内像宏观网一样产生单壁碳纳米管（SWCNTs）。已经开发出两种电弧法来制备单壁碳纳米管：电弧等离子体射流（APJ）法和铁 - 氢（FH）电弧法。本文还综述了一些针对制备出的单壁碳纳米管的新纯化方法。最后，也对双壁碳纳米管（DWCNTs）进行了描述。
