Institut fur umweltmedizinische Forschung (IUF) an der Heinrich Heine Universitat Dusseldorf gGmbH, Germany.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 May 1;44(9):3539-45. doi: 10.1021/es9036226.
Exposure to ambient particulate matter (PM) is associated with respiratory and cardiovascular disease and lung cancer. In this study, we used size fractionated PM samples (3-7, 1.5-3, 0.95-1.5, 0.5-0.95, and <0.5 microm), collected at four contrasting locations (three urban sites, one remote background) in the UK with a Sierra-Andersen high volume cascade impactor. The H(2)O(2)-dependent oxidant generating capacity of the samples was determined by electron spin resonance with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide spin trapping. In A549 human lung epithelial cells, we determined the cytotoxicity of samples by LDH assay, and interleukin-8 (IL-8) release as an indicator of their inflammatory potency. Oxidative DNA damage was measured by the formamido-pyrimidine-glycosylase (fpg)-modified comet assay. Marked contrasts were observed for all endpoints. Remote background PM showed the lowest oxidant potential, was neither cytotoxic nor genotoxic and did not increase IL-8 release. For the other samples, effects were found to depend more on sampling location than on size fraction. PM collected at high-traffic locations generally showed the strongest oxidant capacity and toxicity. Significant correlations were observed between the oxidant generating potential and all toxicological endpoints investigated, which demonstrates that measurement of the oxidant generating potential by ESR represents a sensitive method to estimate the toxic potential of PM.
暴露于环境细颗粒物（PM）与呼吸道和心血管疾病以及肺癌有关。在这项研究中，我们使用了大小分级的 PM 样本（3-7μm、1.5-3μm、0.95-1.5μm、0.5-0.95μm 和<0.5μm），这些样本是在英国四个具有代表性的位置（三个城市地点，一个偏远背景地区）使用 Sierra-Andersen 大容量级联冲击器收集的。通过电子自旋共振（ESR）用 5,5-二甲基-1-吡咯啉-N-氧化物自旋捕获法测定了样品中 H2O2 依赖性氧化剂生成能力。在 A549 人肺上皮细胞中，我们通过 LDH 测定法测定了样品的细胞毒性，并通过白细胞介素-8（IL-8）释放作为其炎症潜力的指标。通过甲酸嘧啶糖苷酶（fpg）修饰的彗星试验测定了氧化 DNA 损伤。所有终点都观察到明显的对比。偏远背景 PM 显示出最低的氧化剂潜力，既无细胞毒性也无遗传毒性，也不会增加 IL-8 的释放。对于其他样品，发现效应取决于采样地点而不是大小分级。在交通繁忙的地点收集的 PM 通常显示出最强的氧化剂能力和毒性。氧化剂生成潜力与所有研究的毒性终点之间存在显著相关性，这表明 ESR 测量氧化剂生成潜力是一种敏感的方法，可以估计 PM 的毒性潜力。
