Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, England.
J Sex Res. 2010 Mar;47(2):242-56. doi: 10.1080/00224491003699833.
Cultures define and describe what is normal and what is deviant. These definitions of normality vary across cultures and are influenced by a number of factors, such as religion. Cultures have been described in various ways, including sex-positive where the sexual act itself is seen as important for pleasure, or sex-negative where the sexual act is seen only as for procreative purposes. The role and development of paraphilias across cultures is also variable, with cultures defining what is legal or illegal. Such differences make collection of epidemiological data and comparison across paraphilias problematic. This discussion suggests that characteristics of cultures may influence the rate of reporting paraphilias, as well as the rate of paraphilias themselves. Furthermore, with increased industrialization and urbanization, families will become more nuclear, with attitudes toward sex and paraphilias changing as well. This review also explores whether paraphilias can be seen as culture-bound syndromes, and recommends consideration of a number of conceptual issues regarding the diagnosis and prevalence of paraphilias as future cross-cultural studies on this topic are developed.
文化定义并描述了什么是正常的，什么是异常的。这些正常性的定义因文化而异，并受到许多因素的影响，如宗教。文化可以通过多种方式来描述，包括性积极，即性行为本身被视为获得愉悦的重要方式，或者性消极，即性行为仅被视为生育目的。在不同的文化中，性变态的角色和发展也各不相同，文化定义了什么是合法的，什么是非法的。这些差异使得在性变态之间收集流行病学数据和进行比较变得困难。这一讨论表明，文化的特征可能会影响性变态的报告率，以及性变态本身的发生率。此外，随着工业化和城市化的加剧，家庭将变得更加核心化，对性和性变态的态度也会发生变化。本文还探讨了性变态是否可以被视为文化相关的综合征，并建议在未来开展这一主题的跨文化研究时，考虑一些关于性变态诊断和流行率的概念性问题。
