Poppenga Robert H
California Animal Health & Food Safety Laboratory System, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
EXS. 2010;100:123-75. doi: 10.1007/978-3-7643-8338-1_4.
A large number of plants can cause adverse effects when ingested by animals or people. Plant toxicity is due to a wide diversity of chemical toxins that include alkaloids, glycosides, proteins and amino acids. There are several notable toxic plants for which a specific chemical responsible for toxicity has not been determined. There are many examples of species differences in terms of their sensitivity to intoxication from plants. Pets, such as dogs and cats, and people, especially children, are frequently exposed to the same toxic plants due to their shared environments. On the other hand, livestock are exposed to toxic plants that are rarely involved in human intoxications due to the unique environments in which they are kept. Fortunately, adverse effects often do not occur or are generally mild following most toxic plant ingestions and no therapeutic intervention is necessary. However, some plants are extremely toxic and ingestion of small amounts can cause rapid death. The diagnosis of plant intoxication can be challenging, especially in veterinary medicine where a history of exposure to a toxic plant is often lacking. Analytical tests are available to detect some plant toxins, although their diagnostic utility is often limited by test availability and timeliness of results. With a few notable exceptions, antidotes for plant toxins are not available. However, general supportive and symptomatic care often is sufficient to successfully treat a symptomatic patient.
大量植物被动物或人类摄入后会产生不良影响。植物毒性归因于多种化学毒素，包括生物碱、糖苷、蛋白质和氨基酸。有几种著名的有毒植物，其导致毒性的具体化学物质尚未确定。在对植物中毒的敏感性方面，存在许多物种差异的例子。宠物，如狗和猫，以及人类，尤其是儿童，由于共享环境，经常接触相同的有毒植物。另一方面，牲畜由于所处的独特环境，会接触到很少导致人类中毒的有毒植物。幸运的是，大多数有毒植物摄入后通常不会产生不良影响，或者影响一般较轻，无需进行治疗干预。然而，一些植物毒性极强，少量摄入即可导致迅速死亡。植物中毒的诊断可能具有挑战性，尤其是在兽医学中，因为往往缺乏接触有毒植物的病史。虽然有分析测试可用于检测某些植物毒素，但其诊断效用常常受到测试可用性和结果及时性的限制。除了少数显著的例外情况，目前尚无针对植物毒素的解毒剂。然而，一般的支持性和对症治疗通常足以成功治疗有症状的患者。
