Botha C J, Penrith M L
Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa.
J S Afr Vet Assoc. 2009 Jun;80(2):63-74. doi: 10.4102/jsava.v80i2.173.
Plant poisoning occurs less commonly in dogs and cats than in herbivorous livestock, but numerous cases have been documented worldwide, most of them caused by common and internationally widely cultivated ornamental garden and house plants. Few cases of poisoning of cats and dogs have been reported in southern Africa, but many of the plants that have caused poisoning in these species elsewhere are widely available in the subregion and are briefly reviewed in terms of toxic principles, toxicity, species affected, clinical signs, and prognosis. The list includes Melia azedarach (syringa), Brunfelsia spp. (yesterday, today and tomorrow), Datura stramonium (jimsonweed, stinkblaar), a wide variety of lilies and lily-like plants, cycads, plants that contain soluble oxalates, plants containing cardiac glycosides and other cardiotoxins and euphorbias (Euphorbia pulcherrima, E. tirucalli). Poisoning by plant products such as macadamia nuts, onions and garlic, grapes and raisins, cannabis (marijuana, dagga) or hashish and castor oil seed or seedcake is also discussed. Many of the poisonings are not usually fatal, but others frequently result in death unless rapid action is taken by the owner and the veterinarian, underlining the importance of awareness of the poisonous potential of a number of familiar plants.
植物中毒在犬猫中发生的频率低于食草家畜，但全球已有大量相关病例记录，其中大多数是由常见且在国际上广泛种植的观赏园林植物和室内植物引起的。南部非洲报道的犬猫中毒病例较少，但在其他地区导致这些物种中毒的许多植物在该次区域广泛存在，本文将根据毒性原理、毒性、受影响物种、临床症状和预后对其进行简要综述。清单包括楝树（苦楝）、鸳鸯茉莉属植物（双色茉莉）、曼陀罗（曼陀罗草、臭草）、多种百合及类似百合的植物、苏铁、含可溶性草酸盐的植物、含强心苷和其他心脏毒素的植物以及大戟属植物（一品红、绿玉树）。还讨论了植物产品中毒，如澳洲坚果、洋葱和大蒜、葡萄和葡萄干、大麻（大麻、印度大麻）或哈希什以及蓖麻籽或蓖麻籽饼中毒。许多中毒情况通常不会致命，但其他情况如果主人和兽医不迅速采取行动，往往会导致死亡，这凸显了认识许多常见植物潜在毒性的重要性。
