Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Jun;64(6):569-77. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2010.45. Epub 2010 Apr 7.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Dairy foods contain various nutrients that may affect health. We investigated whether intake of dairy products or related nutrients is associated with mortality due to cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer and all causes.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: We carried out a 16-year prospective study among a community-based sample of 1529 adult Australians aged 25-78 years at baseline. Habitual intakes of dairy products (total, high/low-fat dairy, milk, yoghurt and full-fat cheese), calcium and vitamin D were estimated as mean reported intake using validated food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) self-administered in 1992, 1994 and 1996. National Death Index data were used to ascertain mortality and cause of death between 1992 and 2007. Hazard ratios (HRs) were calculated using Cox regression analysis.
During an average follow-up time of 14.4 years, 177 participants died, including 61 deaths due to CVD and 58 deaths due to cancer. There was no consistent and significant association between total dairy intake and total or cause-specific mortality. However, compared with those with the lowest intake of full-fat dairy, participants with the highest intake (median intake 339 g/day) had reduced death due to CVD (HR: 0.31; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.12-0.79; P for trend=0.04) after adjustment for calcium intake and other confounders. Intakes of low-fat dairy, specific dairy foods, calcium and vitamin D showed no consistent associations.
Overall intake of dairy products was not associated with mortality. A possible beneficial association between intake of full-fat dairy and cardiovascular mortality needs further assessment and confirmation.
背景/目的：乳制品含有多种可能影响健康的营养素。我们研究了乳制品或相关营养素的摄入量与心血管疾病（CVD）、癌症和所有原因导致的死亡率之间的关系。
受试者/方法：我们对 1992 年、1994 年和 1996 年通过验证的食物频率问卷（FFQ）自我报告的 1529 名年龄在 25-78 岁的澳大利亚社区成年人进行了一项为期 16 年的前瞻性研究。乳制品（全脂/低脂乳制品、牛奶、酸奶和全脂奶酪）、钙和维生素 D 的习惯性摄入量作为平均报告摄入量进行估算。1992 年至 2007 年期间，使用国家死亡指数数据确定死亡率和死因。使用 Cox 回归分析计算危险比（HR）。
在平均 14.4 年的随访期间，有 177 名参与者死亡，其中 61 人死于 CVD，58 人死于癌症。总乳制品摄入量与总死亡率或死因特异性死亡率之间没有一致且显著的关联。然而，与全脂乳制品摄入量最低的参与者相比，摄入量最高（中位数摄入量为 339 克/天）的参与者死于 CVD 的风险降低（HR：0.31；95%置信区间（CI）：0.12-0.79；趋势 P 值=0.04），调整钙摄入量和其他混杂因素后。低脂乳制品、特定乳制品、钙和维生素 D 的摄入量没有一致的关联。
乳制品总摄入量与死亡率无关。全脂乳制品摄入量与心血管死亡率之间可能存在有益关联，需要进一步评估和确认。
