Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48202, USA.
J Trauma Dissociation. 2010;11(2):174-92. doi: 10.1080/15299730903502938.
Although the general trauma literature links disclosure of abuse to positive psychological and physical health outcomes, findings for sexual assault survivors are mixed. Supportive responses can reaffirm self-worth; however, negative responses can increase feelings of shame and isolation. This study examined the effects of disclosure in a community sample of Caucasian and African American sexual assault survivors who completed computer-assisted self-interviews. Among the 58.6% of survivors who had disclosed to someone (n = 136), 96% had disclosed to at least 1 informal and 24% at least 1 formal support provider. The experiences of African American and Caucasian survivors were similar in many ways. Participants received more positive than negative responses from others, although only negative responses were related to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, and particularly so for African American participants. Regretting disclosure and disclosure to formal providers were also related to posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. Suggestions are made for programs to decrease negative responses to disclosure.
尽管一般的创伤文献将虐待的披露与积极的心理和身体健康结果联系起来，但性侵犯幸存者的研究结果却存在差异。支持性的回应可以重新确认自我价值；然而，负面的回应会增加羞耻感和孤立感。本研究在一个由白人和非裔美国人性侵犯幸存者组成的社区样本中，通过计算机辅助自我访谈，调查了披露的效果。在向他人披露的幸存者中（n = 136），有 58.6%的人向至少 1 名非正式和 24%的至少 1 名正式支持提供者披露了信息。非裔美国人和白人幸存者的经历在很多方面都很相似。参与者从他人那里得到的积极回应多于消极回应，尽管只有消极回应与创伤后应激障碍症状有关，而非裔美国参与者的情况尤其如此。对披露感到后悔和向正式提供者披露也与创伤后应激障碍症状有关。本文提出了减少对披露的负面反应的建议。
