Hertzog Christopher, McGuire Christy L, Horhota Michelle, Jopp Daniela
School of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332-0170, USA.
Int J Aging Hum Dev. 2010;70(1):61-87. doi: 10.2190/AG.70.1.c.
After an oral free recall task, participants were interviewed about their memory. Despite reporting similar levels of perceived personal control over memory, older and young adults differed in the means in which they believed memory could be controlled. Older adults cited health and wellness practices and exercising memory, consistent with a "use it or lose it" belief system, more often than young adults who were more likely to mention metacognition and flexible strategy use as means of memory control. Young adults reported using more effective relational strategies during study for a free recall test. Use of relational strategies predicted recall in both age groups, but did not materially affect age differences in performance. Metacognitive beliefs, including implicit theories about aging and memory decline, memory self-concept, and perceived control over memory functioning, did not systematically correlate with strategy use or recall.
在完成一项口头自由回忆任务后，研究人员就参与者的记忆情况进行了访谈。尽管老年人和年轻人报告的对记忆的个人控制感水平相似，但他们认为记忆可以被控制的方式却有所不同。老年人更常提及健康养生习惯和锻炼记忆，这与“用进废退”的信念体系相符，而年轻人则更倾向于将元认知和灵活运用策略作为记忆控制的方式。年轻人在为自由回忆测试而进行学习时报告使用了更有效的关联策略。关联策略的使用在两个年龄组中都能预测回忆成绩，但并未对表现上的年龄差异产生实质性影响。元认知信念，包括关于衰老和记忆衰退的隐含理论、记忆自我概念以及对记忆功能的感知控制，与策略使用或回忆成绩并无系统关联。
