Merrill Palmer Skillman Institute, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, C.S. Mott Center for Human Growth & Development, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA.
Syst Biol Reprod Med. 2010 Apr;56(2):184-200. doi: 10.3109/19396360903377195.
Toluene is an organic solvent that is widely used by industry and is ubiquitous in our environment. As a result, exposure to solvents like toluene in work-related settings (i.e., relatively constant, low-level exposures) or through inhalant abuse (i.e., relatively intermittent, high-level exposures) is increasing for many women of reproductive age. Evidence suggests that the risk for pregnancy problems, as well as developmental delays and neurobehavioral difficulties, is higher for the children of women who have been exposed to high concentrations of organic solvents during pregnancy than for those who have not. These risks appear to be higher in cases of abuse exposure to solvents such as toluene, particularly in comparison to the risk for teratogenic outcomes with occupational solvent exposure. Despite this, the reproductive toxicology and teratology following abuse of toluene and other inhalants remains under-investigated. This brief review describes the current state of our understanding of the reproductive and teratogenic risk of gestational toluene abuse. The data to date suggest that the high levels of toluene exposure typical with inhalant abuse are more detrimental to fetal development than typical occupational exposure, and preclinical paradigms can be beneficial for investigating the processes and risks of prenatal solvent exposure. While substantial research has been done on the reproductive effects of occupational exposures to organic solvents, more research is needed on the outcomes and mechanisms of exposures typical of inhalant abuse.
甲苯是一种有机溶剂，在工业中广泛使用，在我们的环境中无处不在。因此，许多育龄妇女在工作场所（即相对持续、低水平暴露）或通过吸入剂滥用（即相对间歇性、高水平暴露）接触甲苯等溶剂的情况正在增加。有证据表明，与没有接触过有机溶剂量大的孕妇相比，在怀孕期间接触过高浓度有机溶剂的孕妇所生子女出现妊娠问题、发育迟缓以及神经行为障碍的风险更高。这些风险在滥用甲苯等溶剂的情况下似乎更高，特别是与职业性溶剂暴露的致畸风险相比。尽管如此，甲苯和其他吸入剂滥用的生殖毒性和致畸作用仍未得到充分研究。这篇简要综述描述了目前我们对妊娠期甲苯滥用的生殖和致畸风险的理解状况。迄今为止的数据表明，与职业性溶剂暴露相比，吸入剂滥用中甲苯的高水平暴露对胎儿发育的危害更大，临床前范例有助于研究产前溶剂暴露的过程和风险。虽然已经对职业性接触有机溶剂对生殖的影响进行了大量研究，但需要对吸入剂滥用中典型暴露的结果和机制进行更多研究。
