生活方式对学龄儿童超重和肥胖的影响。

Ramic Enisa, Kapidzic-Durakovic Suada, Karic Enisa, Batic-Mujanovic Olivera, Alibasic Esad, Zildzic Muharem

Primary Health Care Center and Polyclinics Dr Mustafa Sehović, Tuzla, BiH.

Med Arh. 2009;63(5):280-3.

INTRODUCTION

Special attention needs to be given to resolution of obesity problem among children because many studies indicate that majority of persons that have suffered from obesity during their child age still have the same problems when they become adults. Incorrect nutritional habits cause health problems at later age. The purpose of this study is to determine the frequency of overweight and obesity occurrence among school-age children, as well as risk factors that certainly lead to obesity.

METHODS

This research was conducted on sample of 530 pupils from one elementary school from suburban area. Assessed children were from seven to fourteen years old. Anthropometric measurements were taken and questionnaires and general medical examinations followed with the statistical processing of collected data.

RESULTS

Based on the Body Mass Index (BMI) considering age and gender of examined subjects we have found that 14.7% subjects were overweight and 7.3% of children were obese. Also, we have determined that children often use food that is identified as risk factor for obesity. Overweight and obesity are directly related to amount of time spent in front of TV set or personal computer (p = 0.01). Children that were overweight in 57.1% cases would prefer to change their nutritional habits and 68.4% of obese children would like to do so as well. Children that were obese, in high percent would like to change habits regarding their physical activity (57.9% of them) and overweight children in 33.8% cases.

CONCLUSION

It is necessary to encourage young people to develop healthy nutritional habits, to promote physical activity and sports, and definitely to strongly advice against the sedentary lifestyle. It is crucial to educate parents on healthy nutritional habits and physical activity because they have the strongest influence on their children. Also, effort needs to be taken in schools by increasing number of physical education classes and to provide healthy food in school canteens in order to ensure improvement of physical activity and healthy nutritional habits among children.

引言

需要特别关注儿童肥胖问题的解决，因为许多研究表明，大多数在儿童时期患过肥胖症的人成年后仍有同样的问题。不正确的营养习惯会在以后的年龄引发健康问题。本研究的目的是确定学龄儿童超重和肥胖的发生率，以及肯定会导致肥胖的风险因素。

方法

本研究以郊区一所小学的530名学生为样本。评估的儿童年龄在7至14岁之间。进行了人体测量，并发放问卷和进行一般体检，随后对收集的数据进行统计处理。

结果

根据考虑到受检对象年龄和性别的体重指数（BMI），我们发现14.7%的受检对象超重，7.3%的儿童肥胖。此外，我们还确定儿童经常食用被认定为肥胖风险因素的食物。超重和肥胖与在电视机或个人电脑前花费的时间直接相关（p = 0.01）。57.1%超重儿童表示愿意改变他们的营养习惯，68.4%的肥胖儿童也愿意这样做。高比例的肥胖儿童愿意改变他们的体育活动习惯（其中57.9%），33.8%的超重儿童愿意改变。