Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, MSC03 2020, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA.
Parasitology. 2010 Jun;137(7):1109-18. doi: 10.1017/S0031182010000041. Epub 2010 Apr 12.
Recent schistosomiasis control efforts in sub-Saharan Africa have focused nearly exclusively on treatment of humans with praziquantel. However, the extent to which wild mammals act as reservoirs for Schistosoma mansoni and therefore as sources of renewed transmission following control efforts is poorly understood. With the objective to study the role of small mammals as reservoir hosts, 480 animals belonging to 9 rodent and 1 insectivore species were examined for infection with schistosomes in Kisumu, in the Lake Victoria Basin, Kenya. Animals were collected from 2 sites: near the lakeshore and from Nyabera Marsh draining into the lake. A total of 6.0% of the animals captured, including 5 murid rodent species and 1 species of shrew (Crocidura olivieri) were infected with schistosomes. Four schistosome species were recovered and identified using cox1 DNA barcoding: S. mansoni, S. bovis, S. rodhaini and S. kisumuensis, the latter of which was recently described from Nyabera Marsh. Schistosoma mansoni and S. rodhaini were found infecting the same host individual (Lophuromys flavopunctatus), suggesting that this host species could be responsible for the production of hybrid schistosomes found in the area. Although the prevalence of S. mansoni infection in these reservoir populations was low (1.5%), given their potentially vast population size, their impact on transmission needs further study. Reservoir hosts could perpetuate snail infections and favour renewed transmission to humans once control programmes have ceased.
近年来，撒哈拉以南非洲地区的血吸虫病控制工作几乎完全集中在使用吡喹酮治疗人类。然而，野生哺乳动物作为曼氏血吸虫（Schistosoma mansoni）宿主并在控制工作后成为传播再次发生的来源的程度了解甚少。为了研究小型哺乳动物作为储存宿主的作用，在肯尼亚维多利亚湖流域的基苏木，对属于 9 种啮齿动物和 1 种食虫动物的 480 只动物进行了感染血吸虫的检查。这些动物是从两个地点采集的：靠近湖边和从流入湖中的 Nyabera 沼泽地。总共捕获的 6.0%的动物，包括 5 种鼠科啮齿动物和 1 种鼩鼱（Crocidura olivieri），感染了血吸虫。使用 cox1 DNA 条码技术共回收和鉴定了 4 种血吸虫物种：曼氏血吸虫、牛血吸虫、罗德豪线虫和基苏木血吸虫，后者是最近从 Nyabera 沼泽地描述的。发现曼氏血吸虫和罗德豪线虫感染同一宿主个体（Lophuromys flavopunctatus），表明该宿主物种可能是该地区发现的杂交血吸虫的产生原因。尽管这些储存宿主种群中曼氏血吸虫感染的流行率较低（1.5%），但考虑到它们潜在的庞大种群规模，它们对传播的影响需要进一步研究。一旦控制计划停止，储存宿主可能会使蜗牛感染持续存在，并有利于向人类重新传播。
