Division of Neurosurgery, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 170 Manning Drive, Campus Box #7060, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7060, USA.
Neurosurg Clin N Am. 2010 Apr;21(2):263-70. doi: 10.1016/j.nec.2009.10.013.
Hydrocephalus is a common and potentially devastating complication of aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Its incidence is approximately 20% to 30%, and its onset can be acute, within 48 hours after SAH, or rarely chronic, occurring in a delayed fashion weeks and even months after the hemorrhage. Early recognition of its signs and symptoms and accurate interpretation of computed tomography (CT) studies are important for the management of patients with SAH. Clinically, a poor neurologic grade has the highest correlation with an increased incidence of hydrocephalus. Radiographically, the bicaudate index on CT studies has emerged as the best marker of this condition. Although further studies are needed to understand the complex pathophysiology of this condition, hydrocephalus after SAH can be treated effectively using current technology.
脑积水是蛛网膜下腔出血（SAH）的一种常见且潜在严重的并发症。其发病率约为 20%至 30%，发病时间可分为急性，即在 SAH 后 48 小时内，或罕见的慢性，在出血后数周甚至数月延迟发生。早期识别其体征和症状，并准确解读计算机断层扫描（CT）研究对 SAH 患者的治疗非常重要。临床上，神经功能分级较差与脑积水发生率增高有最高的相关性。影像学上，CT 研究中的双尾指数已成为该疾病的最佳标志物。尽管需要进一步研究来了解这种情况的复杂病理生理学，但目前的技术可以有效地治疗 SAH 后发生的脑积水。
