Quinnipiac University School of Law, Hamden, Connecticut 06518-1908, USA.
Psychon Bull Rev. 2010 Apr;17(2):149-54. doi: 10.3758/PBR.17.2.149.
Visual and other demonstrative evidence has become increasingly prevalent in American and other courtrooms in recent years. However, there have been relatively few experimental studies of the effects of this kind of evidence in legal settings. As a consequence, little is known about when and how it affects legal decision making. In this article, I survey the extant research, including studies of photographs, videos, computer animations, and PowerPoint displays. The research shows that visual evidence affects legal decisions in some circumstances but not in others. It also indicates that visual evidence sometimes enhances legal judgment by improving recall and understanding but sometimes impairs judgment by prompting undue emotional responses, cognitive and perceptual biases, and/or peripheral processing. The limitations of the research are discussed, and directions for future research are suggested.
近年来，视觉和其他直观证据在 美国 和其他法庭中越来越普遍。然而，针对这种证据在法律环境中的影响，进行的实验研究相对较少。因此，人们对于它在何时以及如何影响法律决策知之甚少。在本文中，我调查了现有的研究，包括对照片、视频、计算机动画和 PowerPoint 演示文稿的研究。研究表明，在某些情况下，视觉证据会影响法律决策，但在其他情况下则不会。研究还表明，视觉证据有时通过提高回忆和理解来增强法律判断，但有时也会通过引发不必要的情绪反应、认知和感知偏差以及/或外围处理来损害判断。讨论了研究的局限性，并提出了未来研究的方向。
