Gracka-Tomaszewska Milena
Katedra Psychologii Klinicznej Dziecka i Rodziny, Wydział Psychologii Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego.
Pediatr Endocrinol Diabetes Metab. 2009;15(3):157-60.
Contemporary researches state that the child's mental development depends on the quality of its relations with their mother starting from pregnancy. They point to those elements of maternal functioning which play a role in the mother-child interaction, decide about mother-child relation and the child functioning in various dimensions. One of them is the child's representation in mother's mind. Maternal representation of the child contains conscious and unconscious elements: fantasies, character traits, feelings towards the child, and representation herself as a mother, representation her mother, child's father and other's.
To demonstrate the results of studies on the significance of medical treatment for the creation of the mother's representation of the child and for mother-child relationship. The influence of amniocentiesis and routine ultrasound scans in the first trimester of pregnancy was analysed.
Ultrasound visualization of foetus increase womens' confidence in their childcare abilities, strengthen the relationship between mother and child, and intensify positive emotions towards the child. The mother begins to treat the child as a separate individual. However, when the treatment is aimed toward detecting fetal abnormalities, the situation becomes different. Women with medical orders for prenatal examination more frequently suffered from negative emotions related to the risk of discovering pathological changes in the foetus. As a result, they were more likely to experience anxiety for the child's health and the economic situation for their families. They identified themselves with the role ofa parent to a lesser degree and smaller number of them treated the child as a separate individual.
当代研究表明，儿童的心理发展从孕期开始就取决于其与母亲关系的质量。这些研究指出了母亲功能中的一些要素，它们在母婴互动中发挥作用，决定着母婴关系以及儿童在各个维度的功能。其中之一就是母亲心中对孩子的表征。母亲对孩子的表征包含有意识和无意识的元素：幻想、性格特征、对孩子的情感，以及她作为母亲的自我表征、对自己母亲、孩子父亲及他人的表征。
展示关于医疗对母亲对孩子的表征及母婴关系形成的意义的研究结果。分析了羊膜穿刺术和孕早期常规超声扫描的影响。
胎儿的超声可视化增强了女性对其育儿能力的信心，加强了母婴关系，并强化了对孩子的积极情感。母亲开始将孩子视为一个独立的个体。然而，当检查旨在检测胎儿异常时，情况就不同了。有产前检查医嘱的女性更频繁地遭受与发现胎儿病理变化风险相关的负面情绪。结果，她们更有可能为孩子的健康和家庭经济状况感到焦虑。她们对自己作为父母角色的认同程度较低，较少有人将孩子视为一个独立的个体。
