Microalgae Biotechnology Laboratory, Universidad del Mar, Oaxaca, Mexico.
J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng. 2010;45(1):128-36. doi: 10.1080/10934520903388483.
The toxic effects of 7 coastal cyanobacterial strains isolated from Oaxaca and Chiapas, Mexico were evaluated. Growth was determined by dry weight. Toxicity bioassays were done in Artemia sp., juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and mice Mus musculus (ICR strain). In shrimp, three feeding methods were implemented: cyanobacterial biomass plus commercial food, cyanobacteria only, and biomass at different concentrations (18, 9, 4.5 and 2.2% w/v). In Artemia sp., Limnothrix amphigranulata (LIMA-3 strain) caused 100% mortality, and in the other organisms mortality was less than 30%. In the treatment L. vannamei with the food mix, mortality was less than 40%, but there was weight gain (6.2% +/- 1.03). With the biomass concentration treatment, the highest and the least mortality were 66.7% with Limnothrix amphigranulata (LIMA-3) and 26.7% with L. majuscula-all groups lost weight (3-5%). The last experiment showed no mortality. Shrimps showed gill damage evidenced by color changes and filament accumulation. Mouse bioassays exhibited 100% mortality with LIMA-3 extracts at every concentration (LD(50) 150 mg kg(- 1), i.p. mouse). Necropsies showed hemorrhage and increases in liver weight, indicating hepatotoxin. LIMA-3 strain was considered a medium-toxicity cyanobacteria. Weight-loss in L. vannamei could indicate the presence of a toxin. Therefore, a critical examination of the toxicity role in overall cyanobacteria ecotoxicology is needed.
评价了从墨西哥瓦哈卡州和恰帕斯州分离得到的 7 株沿海蓝藻的毒性作用。通过干重来确定生长情况。在卤虫、幼白虾（凡纳滨对虾）和小鼠（ICR 株）中进行毒性生物测定。在对虾中，实施了三种喂养方法：蓝藻生物量加商业饲料、仅蓝藻和不同浓度（18、9、4.5 和 2.2%w/v）的生物量。在卤虫中，鱼腥藻（LIMA-3 株）导致 100%死亡率，而在其他生物体中死亡率低于 30%。在处理与食物混合物的 L. vannamei 中，死亡率低于 40%，但体重增加（6.2% +/- 1.03）。在生物量浓度处理中，死亡率最高和最低的分别为鱼腥藻（LIMA-3）的 66.7%和 L. majuscula 的 26.7%，所有组均体重减轻（3-5%）。最后一个实验显示没有死亡。虾显示出鳃损伤的迹象，表现为颜色变化和丝状体积累。小鼠生物测定显示，LIMA-3 提取物在每个浓度（LD(50)150mgkg(-1)，ip 小鼠）下均导致 100%的死亡率。尸检显示出血和肝重增加，表明存在肝毒素。LIMA-3 株被认为是一种中毒性蓝藻。L. vannamei 的体重减轻可能表明存在毒素。因此，需要对整个蓝藻生态毒理学中的毒性作用进行严格审查。
