Lahti K, Ahtiainen J, Rapala J, Sivonen K, Niemelä S I
National Board of Waters and the Environment, Helsinki, Finland.
Lett Appl Microbiol. 1995 Aug;21(2):109-14. doi: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.1995.tb01019.x.
Simple and easy-to-use bioassays with Artemia salina (brine shrimp) larvae, luminescent bacteria and Pseudomonas putida were evaluated for the detection of toxicity due to cyanobacterial hepato- and neurotoxins. The hepatotoxins and a neurotoxin, anatoxin-a, were extracted from laboratory-grown cultures and natural bloom samples by the solid phase fractionation method and dissolved in diluent for different bioassays. The toxin concentration of cyanobacterial extracts was determined with HPLC. The Artemia biotest appeared to be quite sensitive to cyanobacterial hepatotoxins, with LC 50 values of 3-17 mg l-1. The Artemia test was also shown to be of value for the detection of toxicity caused by anatoxin-a. The fractionated extract of anatoxin-a was not lethal to Artemia but it disturbed the ability of the larvae to move forwards. Filtered cyanobacterial cultures with anatoxin-a, on the other hand, caused mortality of Artemia larvae at concentrations of 2-14 mg l-1. With the solid phase fractionation of cyanobacterial samples, no non-specific toxicity due to compounds other than hepato- and neurotoxins was observed. In the luminescent bacteria test, the inhibition of luminescence did not correlate with the abundance of hepatotoxins or anatoxin-a. The growth of Ps. putida was enhanced, rather than inhibited by cyanobacterial toxin fractions.
对利用卤虫（盐水虾）幼虫、发光细菌和恶臭假单胞菌进行的简单易用的生物测定法进行了评估，以检测蓝藻肝毒素和神经毒素引起的毒性。通过固相分级分离法从实验室培养物和自然水华中提取肝毒素和一种神经毒素——anatoxin-a，并溶解在稀释剂中用于不同的生物测定。用高效液相色谱法测定蓝藻提取物的毒素浓度。卤虫生物测试对蓝藻肝毒素似乎相当敏感，半数致死浓度（LC 50）值为3 - 17毫克/升。卤虫测试也被证明对检测anatoxin-a引起的毒性有价值。anatoxin-a的分级提取物对卤虫没有致死性，但它干扰了幼虫向前移动的能力。另一方面，含有anatoxin-a的经过滤的蓝藻培养物在浓度为2 - 14毫克/升时会导致卤虫幼虫死亡。通过蓝藻样品的固相分级分离，未观察到除肝毒素和神经毒素以外的化合物产生的非特异性毒性。在发光细菌测试中，发光抑制与肝毒素或anatoxin-a的含量无关。蓝藻毒素分级物增强了恶臭假单胞菌的生长，而不是抑制其生长。
