Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
Gait Posture. 2010 May;32(1):136-40. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2010.03.006. Epub 2010 Apr 14.
A thorough understanding of the biomechanics of the hamstrings during sprinting is required to optimise injury rehabilitation and prevention strategies. The main aims of this study were to compare hamstrings load across different modes of locomotion as well as before and after an acute sprinting-related muscle strain injury. Bilateral kinematic and ground reaction force data were captured from a single subject whilst walking, jogging and sprinting prior to and immediately following a significant injury involving the right semitendinosis and biceps femoris long head muscles. Experimental data were input into a three-dimensional musculoskeletal model of the body and used, together with optimisation theory, to determine lower-limb muscle forces for each locomotor task. Hamstrings load was found to be greatest during terminal swing for sprinting. The hamstrings contributed the majority of the terminal swing hip extension and knee flexion torques, whilst gluteus maximus contributed most of the stance phase hip extension torque. Gastrocnemius contributed little to the terminal swing knee flexion torque. Peak hamstrings force was also substantially greater during terminal swing compared to stance for sprinting, but not for walking and jogging. Immediately following the muscle strain injury, the hamstrings demonstrated an intolerance to perform an eccentric-type contraction. Whilst peak hamstrings force during terminal swing did not decrease post-injury, both peak hamstrings length and negative work during terminal swing were considerably reduced. These results lend support to the paradigm that the hamstrings are most susceptible to muscle strain injury during the terminal swing phase of sprinting when they are contracting eccentrically.
深入了解短跑时腘绳肌的生物力学特性对于优化损伤康复和预防策略至关重要。本研究的主要目的是比较不同运动模式以及急性与短跑相关的肌肉拉伤前后腘绳肌的负荷。在一名受试者受伤前和受伤后立即进行了单腿运动，包括步行、慢跑和短跑，同时记录了双侧运动学和地面反力数据，涉及右半腱肌和股二头肌长头肌肉的显著损伤。实验数据被输入到身体的三维肌肉骨骼模型中，并结合优化理论，确定了每个运动任务的下肢肌肉力。研究发现，在短跑的终末期摆动时，腘绳肌的负荷最大。腘绳肌贡献了大部分终末期摆动髋关节伸展和膝关节屈曲扭矩，而臀大肌贡献了大部分站立阶段髋关节伸展扭矩。腓肠肌对终末期摆动膝关节屈曲扭矩的贡献较小。与站立相比，短跑时终末期摆动的峰值腘绳肌力也明显更大，但步行和慢跑时并非如此。在肌肉拉伤后，腘绳肌表现出不能进行离心收缩的不耐受。尽管终末期摆动时的峰值腘绳肌力在受伤后没有下降，但终末期摆动时的峰值腘绳肌长度和负功都明显减少。这些结果支持这样一种观点，即在短跑的终末期摆动阶段，当腘绳肌进行离心收缩时，最容易发生肌肉拉伤。
