Altmann Gerry T M, Mirković Jelena
Department of Psychology, University of York.
Cogn Sci. 2009 Jun;33(4):583-609. doi: 10.1111/j.1551-6709.2009.01022.x.
We identify a number of principles with respect to prediction that, we argue, underpin adult language comprehension: (a) comprehension consists in realizing a mapping between the unfolding sentence and the event representation corresponding to the real-world event being described; (b) the realization of this mapping manifests as the ability to predict both how the language will unfold, and how the real-world event would unfold if it were being experienced directly; (c) concurrent linguistic and nonlinguistic inputs, and the prior internal states of the system, each drive the predictive process; (d) the representation of prior internal states across a representational substrate common to the linguistic and nonlinguistic domains enables the predictive process to operate over variable time frames and variable levels of representational abstraction. We review empirical data exemplifying the operation of these principles and discuss the relationship between prediction, event structure, thematic role assignment, and incrementality.
我们确定了一些关于预测的原则，我们认为这些原则是成人语言理解的基础：(a) 理解在于实现正在展开的句子与对应于所描述的现实世界事件的事件表征之间的映射；(b) 这种映射的实现表现为预测语言将如何展开以及现实世界事件如果直接被体验将会如何展开的能力；(c) 同时出现的语言和非语言输入以及系统的先前内部状态各自驱动预测过程；(d) 在语言和非语言领域共有的表征基质上的先前内部状态的表征使预测过程能够在可变的时间框架和可变的表征抽象水平上运行。我们回顾了例证这些原则运作的实证数据，并讨论了预测、事件结构、主题角色分配和增量性之间的关系。
