Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2010 Nov;35(2):315-33. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2010.04.003. Epub 2010 Apr 14.
This review summarizes findings from human and animal research investigating the influence of progesterone and its metabolites allopreganolone and pregnanolone (progestins) on the effects of cocaine and other drugs of abuse. Since a majority of these studies have used cocaine, this will be the primary focus; however, the influence of progestins on other drugs of abuse will also be discussed. Collectively, findings from these studies support a role for progestins in (1) attenuating the subjective and physiological effects of cocaine in humans, (2) blocking the reinforcing and other behavioral effects of cocaine in animal models of drug abuse, and (3) influencing behavioral responses to other drugs of abuse such as alcohol and nicotine in animals. Administration of several drugs of abuse in both human and nonhuman animals significantly increased progestin levels, and this is explained in terms of progestins acting as homeostatic regulators that decrease and normalize heightened stress and reward responses which lead to increased drug craving and relapse. The findings discussed here highlight the complexity of progestin-drug interactions, and they suggest a possible use for these agents in understanding the etiology of and developing treatments for drug abuse.
这篇综述总结了人类和动物研究中关于孕激素及其代谢产物别孕烯醇酮和孕烷醇酮（孕激素）对可卡因和其他滥用药物影响的研究结果。由于这些研究大多数都使用了可卡因，因此这将是主要关注点；然而，孕激素对其他滥用药物的影响也将被讨论。这些研究的综合结果支持孕激素在以下方面的作用：（1）减轻人类对可卡因的主观和生理影响；（2）阻断可卡因在药物滥用动物模型中的强化和其他行为效应；（3）影响动物对其他滥用药物（如酒精和尼古丁）的行为反应。几种滥用药物在人和非人类动物中的给药都显著增加了孕激素水平，这可以用孕激素作为体内平衡调节剂来解释，它可以降低和正常化升高的应激和奖励反应，从而导致增加对药物的渴望和复发。这里讨论的发现强调了孕激素与药物相互作用的复杂性，并表明这些药物可能用于理解药物滥用的病因和开发治疗方法。
