File Domonkos, Bőthe Beáta, File Bálint, Demetrovics Zsolt
Institute of Psychology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
Front Psychiatry. 2022 Apr 25;13:820836. doi: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.820836. eCollection 2022.
A few studies have examined the changes in substance- and behavior-related "wanting" and "liking" of human subjects, the key properties of Incentive Sensitization Theory (IST). The aim of this study was to examine the dissociation between "wanting" and "liking" as a function of usage frequency, intensity, and subjective severity in individuals across four substances (alcohol, nicotine, cannabis, and other drugs) and ten behaviors (gambling, overeating, gaming, pornography use, sex, social media use, Internet use, TV-series watching, shopping, and work). Also, the potential roles of impulsivity and reward deficiency were investigated in "wanting," "liking," and wellbeing. The sex differences between "wanting" and "liking" were also examined. Based on our findings using structural equation modeling with 749 participants (503 women, = 35.7 years, = 11.84), who completed self-report questionnaires, "wanting" increased with the severity, frequency, and intensity of potentially problematic use, while "liking" did not change. Impulsivity positively predicted "wanting," and "wanting" positively predicted problem uses/behaviors. Reward deficiency positively predicted problem uses/behaviors, and both impulsivity and problem uses/behaviors negatively predicted wellbeing. Finally, women showed higher levels of "wanting," compared to men. These findings demonstrate the potential roles of incentive sensitization in both potentially problematic substance uses and behaviors.
一些研究考察了人类受试者与物质及行为相关的“渴望”和“喜好”的变化，这是动机敏感化理论（IST）的关键特性。本研究的目的是考察在使用频率、强度和主观严重程度方面，“渴望”和“喜好”之间的分离情况，涉及四种物质（酒精、尼古丁、大麻和其他药物）以及十种行为（赌博、暴饮暴食、游戏、使用色情内容、性行为、使用社交媒体、使用互联网、观看电视剧、购物和工作）的个体。此外，还研究了冲动性和奖励缺乏在“渴望”“喜好”和幸福感中的潜在作用。同时也考察了“渴望”和“喜好”之间的性别差异。基于我们对749名参与者（503名女性，平均年龄 = 35.7岁，标准差 = 11.84）的研究结果，这些参与者完成了自我报告问卷，“渴望”随着潜在问题使用的严重程度、频率和强度而增加，而“喜好”没有变化。冲动性正向预测“渴望”，“渴望”正向预测问题使用/行为。奖励缺乏正向预测问题使用/行为，冲动性和问题使用/行为都负向预测幸福感。最后，与男性相比，女性表现出更高水平的“渴望”。这些发现证明了动机敏感化在潜在问题物质使用和行为中的潜在作用。
