Borić Marta, Stanicić Josip, Dabelić Nina, Jukić Tomislav, Kusić Zvonko
University Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Sestre milosrdnice University Hospital, Zagreb, Croatia.
Acta Clin Croat. 2009 Sep;48(4):469-73.
People of all ages can be affected by iodine deficiency, however, pregnant women and children are especially at a high risk. Because of changes that occur in maternal thyroid hormone economy during pregnancy and the potential unfavorable effects of iodine deficiency on the offspring, an adequate dietary iodine intake throughout the pregnancy is highly important. Therefore, the World Health Organization, United Nations Children's Fund and International Council for the Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders have proposed that dietary intake of iodine during pregnancy should be 200-300 microg/day to compensate for the augmented T4 requirements in pregnant women. It has been shown that in countries with a longstanding and well-established universal salt iodination program where iodine sufficiency has been reached, there is a fraction of pregnant women that still have low median urinary iodine concentration, which indicates insufficient dietary iodine. Studies performed in such countries emphasize that pregnant women should use multivitamin and/ or mineral tablets specifically prepared for the needs of pregnancy and containing iodine supplements. Only the United States of America and Canada have official recommendations concerning iodine supplementation. In other countries, no such firm decisions have yet been made by medical community and public health authorities. In Croatia, an iodine sufficient country, the situation is the same. There is a need to collect adequate data on iodine supplementation and urinary iodine during pregnancy, along with the universal salt iodination program, so that definitive conclusions can be made.
各年龄段的人都可能受到碘缺乏的影响，然而，孕妇和儿童尤其面临高风险。由于孕期母体甲状腺激素代谢会发生变化，且碘缺乏可能对后代产生不利影响，因此孕期全程摄入充足的膳食碘至关重要。因此，世界卫生组织、联合国儿童基金会和国际碘缺乏病控制理事会建议，孕期碘的膳食摄入量应为每日200 - 300微克，以补偿孕妇对甲状腺素增加的需求。研究表明，在长期实施完善的全民食盐碘化计划且已实现碘充足的国家，仍有一部分孕妇的尿碘中位数浓度较低，这表明膳食碘摄入不足。在这些国家进行的研究强调，孕妇应服用专门为孕期需求配制且含有碘补充剂的多种维生素和/或矿物质片。只有美国和加拿大有关于碘补充的官方建议。在其他国家，医学界和公共卫生当局尚未做出如此明确的决定。在克罗地亚这个碘充足的国家，情况也是如此。有必要收集孕期碘补充和尿碘的充分数据，以及全民食盐碘化计划的数据，以便得出明确结论。
