Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Clin Exp Neuropsychol. 2010 Dec;32(10):1068-73. doi: 10.1080/13803391003689770. Epub 2010 Apr 19.
Openness is a personality trait that has been linked to intelligence and divergent thinking. DeYoung, Peterson, and Higgins (2005) theorized that trait Openness depends on dopamine function, especially in the prefrontal cortex. We tested their theory in 335 healthy adults by hypothesizing that individual differences in Openness would correlate more strongly with performance on tests of executive function than on tests of intelligence and fluency. However, Openness correlated more strongly with verbal/crystallized intelligence (Gc; r = .44) than with executive functioning (r = .16) and fluency (r = .24). Further, the partial correlation between Openness and Gc increased from r = .26 among young adults to r = .53 among elderly adults. These findings suggest that Openness is more closely associated with the acquisition of broad verbal intellectual skills and knowledge than with executive abilities localized to a specific brain region or neurotransmitter system.
开放性是一种人格特质，与智力和发散思维有关。德扬、彼得森和希金斯（2005 年）推测，开放性特质取决于多巴胺功能，尤其是在前额叶皮层。我们在 335 名健康成年人中测试了他们的理论，假设开放性的个体差异与执行功能测试的相关性强于智力和流畅性测试。然而，开放性与言语/晶体智力（Gc；r =.44）的相关性强于执行功能（r =.16）和流畅性（r =.24）。此外，开放性与 Gc 的偏相关系数从年轻人的 r =.26 增加到老年人的 r =.53。这些发现表明，开放性与广泛的言语智力技能和知识的获取更密切相关，而与特定脑区或神经递质系统的执行能力关系不大。
