Sleep Disorders Unit, National Reference Center for Narcolepsy and Hypersomnia, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Inserm UMRS_975, Paris 6 University, France.
J Sleep Res. 2010 Dec;19(4):525-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2869.2010.00824.x.
Patients with idiopathic hypersomnia never feel fully alert despite a normal or long sleep night. The spectrum of the symptoms is insufficiently studied. We interviewed 62 consecutive patients with idiopathic hypersomnia (with a mean sleep latency lower than 8 min or a sleep time longer than 11 h) and 50 healthy controls using a questionnaire on sleep, awakening, sleepiness, alertness and cognitive, psychological and functional problems during daily life conditions. Patients slept 3 h more on weekends, holidays and in the sleep unit than on working days. In the morning, the patients needed somebody to wake them, or to be stressed, while routine, light, alarm clocks and motivation were inefficient. Three-quarters of the patients did not feel refreshed after short naps. During the daytime, their alertness was modulated by the same external conditions as controls, but they felt more sedated in darkness, in a quiet environment, when listening to music or conversation. Being hyperactive helped them more than controls to resist sleepiness. They were more frequently evening-type and more alert in the evening than in the morning. The patients were able to focus only for 1 h (versus 4 h in the controls). They complained of attention and memory deficit. Half of them had problems regulating their body temperature and were near-sighted. Mental fatigability, dependence on other people for awakening them, and a reduced benefit from usually alerting conditions (except being hyperactive or stressed) seem to be more specific of the daily problems of patients with idiopathic hypersomnia than daytime sleepiness.
特发性嗜睡症患者即使在正常或长时间的睡眠后仍感觉完全没有警觉。其症状谱尚未得到充分研究。我们使用一份关于睡眠、觉醒、嗜睡、警觉和认知、心理和日常生活功能问题的问卷，对 62 例连续的特发性嗜睡症患者（平均睡眠潜伏期低于 8 分钟或睡眠时间超过 11 小时）和 50 名健康对照者进行了访谈。与工作日相比，患者在周末、节假日和睡眠单位时睡眠时间增加了 3 小时。早上，患者需要有人叫醒他们，或施加压力，而常规、轻度、闹钟和动机都没有效果。四分之三的患者在短暂小睡后仍感觉没有恢复精力。在白天，他们的警觉度受到与对照组相同的外部条件的调节，但在黑暗中、安静环境中、听音乐或交谈时，他们感觉更加昏昏欲睡。多动有助于他们比对照组更能抵抗困倦。他们比对照组更常见于夜间型，晚上比早上更警觉。患者只能集中注意力 1 小时（而对照组为 4 小时）。他们抱怨注意力和记忆力缺陷。一半的患者存在体温调节问题和近视。精神疲劳、依赖他人叫醒他们以及通常警觉状态（除了多动或施加压力）带来的益处降低，这些似乎比白天嗜睡更能说明特发性嗜睡症患者的日常问题。
