Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sydney Medical School (North), The University of Sydney, Australia.
Maturitas. 2010 Aug;66(4):344-9. doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2010.03.023. Epub 2010 Apr 21.
The use of phytoestrogens for various perceived health benefits is widespread. Despite 20 years of research the evidence for any significant health benefits remains inconclusive. Pre clinical trials have demonstrated both non-genomic and genomic actions of constituents of phytoestrogens including selective, but weak, binding to estrogen receptors, with a preference for ER B over ER A. Evidence of clinically relevant biological effects from observational studies and randomized trials has, in general, been lacking. Despite many trials there remains little evidence that phytoestrogens, whether dietary or supplemented, significantly relieve menopausal vasomotor symptoms or cognition. Several potential mechanisms for a positive effect on bone and cardiovascular health have been demonstrated however no fracture prevention data or cardiovascular end point benefit has yet been demonstrated. In vitro effects of phytoestrogens on breast cells have been both stimulatory and inhibitory however net effects appear neutral with observational studies finding no change in breast cancer risk. No effect has been seen on endometrial or other cancers and side effect profiles have, in general, been mild.
植物雌激素被广泛用于各种被认为有益健康的用途。尽管已经进行了 20 年的研究，但仍没有明确的证据表明其具有任何显著的健康益处。临床前试验已经证明了植物雌激素成分具有非基因组和基因组作用，包括对雌激素受体的选择性但较弱的结合，偏爱 ERB 而不是 ERA。来自观察性研究和随机试验的临床相关生物学效应证据总体上一直缺乏。尽管进行了许多试验，但几乎没有证据表明植物雌激素（无论是饮食补充还是补充剂形式）能显著缓解更年期血管舒缩症状或认知功能。已经证明了几种对骨骼和心血管健康产生积极影响的潜在机制，但尚未证明预防骨折或心血管终点获益的数据。植物雌激素对乳腺细胞的体外作用既有刺激作用，也有抑制作用，但总体上净效应呈中性，观察性研究发现乳腺癌风险没有变化。对子宫内膜癌或其他癌症没有影响，副作用谱通常较轻。
