Duffy Christine, Perez Kimberly, Partridge Ann
Brown University Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
CA Cancer J Clin. 2007 Sep-Oct;57(5):260-77. doi: 10.3322/CA.57.5.260.
Phytoestrogens are a group of plant-derived substances that are structurally or functionally similar to estradiol. Interest in phytoestrogens has been fueled by epidemiologic data that suggest a decreased risk of breast cancer in women from countries with high phytoestrogen consumption. Women with a history of breast cancer may seek out these "natural" hormones in the belief that they are safe or perhaps even protective against recurrence. Interpretation of research studies regarding phytoestrogen intake and breast cancer risk is hampered by differences in dietary measurement, lack of standardization of supplemental sources, differences in metabolism amongst individuals, and the retrospective nature of much of the research in this area. Data regarding the role of phytoestrogens in breast cancer prevention is conflicting, but suggest early exposure in childhood or early adolescence may be protective. In several placebo-controlled randomized trials among breast cancer survivors, soy has not been found to decrease menopausal symptoms. There is very little human data on the role of phytoestrogens in preventing breast cancer recurrence, but the few studies conducted do not support a protective role. There is in vivo animal data suggesting the phytoestrogen genistein may interfere with the inhibitive effects of tamoxifen on breast cancer cell growth.
植物雌激素是一类源自植物的物质，其结构或功能与雌二醇相似。流行病学数据表明，在植物雌激素摄入量高的国家，女性患乳腺癌的风险降低，这激发了人们对植物雌激素的兴趣。有乳腺癌病史的女性可能会寻找这些“天然”激素，认为它们是安全的，甚至可能预防复发。关于植物雌激素摄入量与乳腺癌风险的研究解读受到饮食测量差异、补充剂来源缺乏标准化、个体代谢差异以及该领域许多研究的回顾性性质的阻碍。关于植物雌激素在乳腺癌预防中的作用的数据相互矛盾，但表明童年或青春期早期的早期接触可能具有保护作用。在乳腺癌幸存者的几项安慰剂对照随机试验中，未发现大豆能减轻更年期症状。关于植物雌激素在预防乳腺癌复发中的作用，人类数据非常少，但已进行的少数研究不支持其具有保护作用。有体内动物数据表明，植物雌激素染料木黄酮可能会干扰他莫昔芬对乳腺癌细胞生长的抑制作用。
