Inflammation-mediated promotion of invasion and metastasis.

Inflammation has been suggested to represent the seventh hallmark of cancer. Myelomonocytic cells are a key component of cancer-related inflammation. Tumor-associated macrophages and their mediators affect key elements in the multistep process of invasion and metastasis, from interaction with the extracellular matrix to the construction of a pre-metastatic niche. Evidence indicating that inflammatory mediators affect genetic stability and cause persistent epigenetic alterations suggests that inflammatory components of the tumor microenvironment impacts on fundamental mechanisms responsible for the generation of metastatic variants. These results provide impetus for efforts aimed at translating cancer-related inflammation into diagnostic-prognostic markers and innovative therapeutic strategies.