STARx Allergy and Center and Clinical Research Center, Rutgers University, 400 Mountain Avenue, Springfield, NJ, 07081, USA.
Curr Allergy Asthma Rep. 2010 Mar;10(2):122-34. doi: 10.1007/s11882-010-0087-1.
Although nasal allergy has been prominent in allergy research, ocular allergy is increasingly recognized as a distinct symptom complex that imposes its own disease burden and reduction in patients' quality of life. In the past year, knowledge of the relationships between allergic conjunctivitis and allergic rhinitis has increased. Allergic conjunctivitis is highly prevalent and has a close epidemiologic relationship with allergic rhinitis. Both conditions also exhibit similar pathophysiologic mechanisms. Pathways of communication are thought to increase the likelihood of an inflammatory reaction at both sites following allergen exposure of nasal or ocular tissue. Clinical trials of intranasal therapies have demonstrated efficacy in allergic conjunctivitis and rhinitis. Newer intranasal steroids decrease ocular symptoms, potentially achieving efficacy by suppressing the naso-ocular reflex, downregulation of inflammatory cell expression, or restoration of nasolacrimal duct patency. Proposed pathophysiologic interactions between allergic rhinitis and ocular allergy underscore the need for therapies with efficacy in both symptom sets.
虽然鼻过敏在过敏研究中很突出，但眼部过敏越来越被认为是一种明显的症状综合征，它会带来自身的疾病负担，并降低患者的生活质量。在过去的一年中，人们对过敏性结膜炎与过敏性鼻炎之间的关系有了更多的了解。过敏性结膜炎的发病率很高，与过敏性鼻炎有密切的流行病学关系。这两种疾病也表现出相似的病理生理机制。人们认为，在鼻组织或眼组织暴露于过敏原后，两个部位发生炎症反应的可能性会增加，而这种通路的交流就会增加这种可能性。鼻内治疗的临床试验已经证明了其在过敏性结膜炎和鼻炎中的疗效。新型鼻内类固醇可以减轻眼部症状，通过抑制鼻眼反射、下调炎症细胞表达或恢复鼻泪管通畅性，可能实现疗效。过敏性鼻炎和眼部过敏之间提出的病理生理相互作用强调了需要有对这两种症状集都有效的治疗方法。
