刚果民主共和国东部的性暴力模式：2006 年向潘齐医院就诊的幸存者报告。

Patterns of sexual violence in Eastern Democratic Republic of Congo: reports from survivors presenting to Panzi Hospital in 2006.

机构信息

Department of Emergency Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA.

出版信息

Confl Health. 2010 May 5;4:9. doi: 10.1186/1752-1505-4-9.

DOI:10.1186/1752-1505-4-9

PMID:20444265

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2883538/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Despite the signing of international peace agreements, a deadly war continues in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and sexual violence is a prominent modus operandi of many military groups operating in the region.

METHODS

Retrospective cohort study of women who presented to Panzi Hospital in 2006 requesting post-sexual violence care. Data was extracted and analyzed to describe the patterns of sexual violence.

RESULTS

A total of 1,021 medical records were reviewed. A majority of attacks occurred in individual homes (56.5%), with the fields (18.4%) and the forest (14.3%) also being frequent locations of attack. In total, 58.9% of all attacks occurred at night. Of the four primary types of sexual violence, gang rape predominated (59.3%) and rape Not Otherwise Specified (NOS) was also common (21.5%). Sexual slavery was described by 4.9% of the survivors and a combination of gang rape and sexual slavery was described by 11.7%. The mean number of assailants per attack was 2.5 with a range of one to > 15. There were several demographic predictors for sexual slavery. Controlling for age, education level and occupation, a marital status of "single" increased the risk of sexual slavery (OR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.12-7.85). Similarly, after controlling for other variables, age was a significant predictor of sexual slavery with older women being at a slightly reduced risk (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.92-0.99). Women who experienced sexual slavery were 37 times more likely to have a resultant pregnancy in comparison to those who reported other types of sexual violence (OR = 37.50, 95% CI = 14.57-99.33).

CONCLUSIONS

Among sexual violence survivors presenting to Panzi Hospital in 2006, the majority of attacks occurred in women's own homes, often at night. This represents a pattern of violence that differs from other conflict settings and has important implications regarding protection strategies. Sexual violence in South Kivu was also marked with a predominance of gang rape, thus increasing the risk of serious injury as well as the likelihood of an individual woman contracting a sexually transmitted infection (STI). Sexual slavery was noted to be more common among young, single women and was found to have a high rate of resultant pregnancy.

摘要

背景

尽管签署了国际和平协议，但在刚果民主共和国（DRC）仍持续着一场致命的战争，性暴力是该地区许多军事团体的主要作战方式。

方法

回顾性队列研究了 2006 年向 Panzi 医院寻求性暴力后护理的女性。提取和分析数据以描述性暴力模式。

结果

共审查了 1021 份病历。大多数袭击发生在个人家中（56.5%），田野（18.4%）和森林（14.3%）也是经常发生袭击的地方。总的来说，58.9%的袭击发生在夜间。在四种主要类型的性暴力中，轮奸最为常见（59.3%），其他特定类型的性暴力（NOS）也很常见（21.5%）。性奴役被 4.9%的幸存者描述，性奴役和轮奸的组合被 11.7%的幸存者描述。每次袭击的袭击者平均人数为 2.5 人，范围为 1 至> 15 人。有几个人口统计学预测因素与性奴役有关。在控制年龄、教育程度和职业的情况下，“单身”的婚姻状况增加了性奴役的风险（OR=2.97，95%CI=1.12-7.85）。同样，在控制其他变量后，年龄是性奴役的一个重要预测因素，年长的女性风险略低（OR=0.96，95%CI=0.92-0.99）。与报告其他类型性暴力的幸存者相比，经历性奴役的幸存者怀孕的可能性高出 37 倍（OR=37.50，95%CI=14.57-99.33）。

结论

在 2006 年向 Panzi 医院就诊的性暴力幸存者中，大多数袭击发生在女性自己的家中，通常在夜间。这代表了一种与其他冲突环境不同的暴力模式，对保护策略具有重要意义。南基伍的性暴力也以轮奸为主，从而增加了严重受伤的风险以及个体女性感染性传播感染（STI）的可能性。性奴役在年轻的单身女性中更为常见，并且发现其怀孕率很高。