Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229-3039, USA.
Semin Fetal Neonatal Med. 2010 Aug;15(4):230-5. doi: 10.1016/j.siny.2010.03.007. Epub 2010 May 10.
Preterm and term infants are frequently exposed to high concentrations of oxygen for prolonged periods. In experimental models, high and prolonged oxygen exposures cause delayed alveolar septation and a bronchopulmonary dysplasia phenotype. Often, however, the oxygen exposure is tolerated in that the infants recover without severe lung or systemic injury. Multiple exposures change oxygen sensitivity in adult and newborn animals. Examples are antenatal corticosteroids, inflammatory mediators or preconditioning with oxygen, which will increase tolerance to oxygen injury. Intrauterine growth restriction or postnatal nutritional deficits will increase oxygen injury. Different infants probably have quite variable sensitivities to oxygen injury, but there are no biomarkers available to predict the risk of oxygen injury.
早产儿和足月儿经常长时间暴露在高浓度氧气中。在实验模型中,高浓度和长时间的氧气暴露会导致肺泡间隔延迟和支气管肺发育不良表型。然而,通常情况下,婴儿能够耐受氧气暴露,而不会出现严重的肺部或全身损伤而康复。多次暴露会改变成年和新生动物对氧气的敏感性。例如,产前皮质激素、炎症介质或用氧气进行预处理,都会增加对氧损伤的耐受性。宫内生长受限或出生后营养不足会增加氧损伤。不同的婴儿对氧损伤的敏感性可能差异很大,但目前还没有生物标志物可用于预测氧损伤的风险。