University of Edinburgh, UK.
Water Sci Technol. 2010;61(10):2689-97. doi: 10.2166/wst.2010.216.
Selecting cost-effective measures to regulate agricultural water pollution to conform to the Water Framework Directive presents multiple challenges. A bio-economic modelling approach is presented that has been used to explore the water quality and economic effects of the 2003 Common Agricultural Policy Reform and to assess the cost-effectiveness of input quotas and emission standards against nitrate leaching, in a representative case study catchment in Scotland. The approach combines a biophysical model (NDICEA) with a mathematical programming model (FSSIM-MP). The results indicate only small changes due to the Reform, with the main changes in farmers' decision making and the associated economic and water quality indicators depending on crop price changes, and suggest the use of target fertilisation in relation to crop and soil requirements, as opposed to measures targeting farm total or average nitrogen use.
选择具有成本效益的措施来治理农业水污染，以符合《水框架指令》，这带来了诸多挑战。本文提出了一种生物经济建模方法，该方法已被用于探索 2003 年共同农业政策改革对水质和经济的影响，并评估在苏格兰一个具有代表性的案例研究集水区中，针对硝酸盐淋溶，投入配额和排放标准的成本效益。该方法将生物物理模型（NDICEA）与数学规划模型（FSSIM-MP）相结合。结果表明，改革的影响很小，主要的变化在于农民的决策以及与作物和土壤需求相关的目标施肥，而不是针对农场总氮或平均氮使用的措施，这主要取决于作物价格的变化，以及相关的经济和水质指标。
