Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Annu Rev Phytopathol. 2010;48:347-70. doi: 10.1146/annurev-phyto-073009-114407.
With the advent of recombinant DNA techniques, the field of molecular plant pathology witnessed dramatic shifts in the 1970s and 1980s. The new and conventional methodologies of bacterial molecular genetics put bacteria center stage. The discovery in the mid-1980s of the hrp/hrc gene cluster and the subsequent demonstration that it encodes a type III secretion system (T3SS) common to Gram negative bacterial phytopathogens, animal pathogens, and plant symbionts was a landmark in molecular plant pathology. Today, T3SS has earned a central role in our understanding of many fundamental aspects of bacterium-plant interactions and has contributed the important concept of interkingdom transfer of effector proteins determining race-cultivar specificity in plant-bacterium pathosystems. Recent developments in genomics, proteomics, and structural biology enable detailed and comprehensive insights into the functional architecture, evolutionary origin, and distribution of T3SS among bacterial pathogens and support current research efforts to discover novel antivirulence drugs.
随着重组 DNA 技术的出现，分子植物病理学领域在 20 世纪 70 年代和 80 年代发生了巨大的变化。细菌分子遗传学的新方法和传统方法使细菌成为研究的中心。20 世纪 80 年代中期发现了 hrp/hrc 基因簇，随后证明它编码了革兰氏阴性植物病原菌、动物病原体和植物共生体共有的 III 型分泌系统（T3SS），这是分子植物病理学的一个里程碑。如今，T3SS 在我们理解细菌-植物相互作用的许多基本方面中发挥了核心作用，并提出了效应蛋白在种间转移的重要概念，决定了植物-细菌病理系统中品种特异性。基因组学、蛋白质组学和结构生物学的最新发展使我们能够详细和全面地了解 T3SS 在细菌病原体中的功能结构、进化起源和分布，并支持当前发现新型抗病毒药物的研究工作。
