Stone J L
Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois, Chicago.
J Neurosurg. 1991 Jul;75(1):154-9. doi: 10.3171/jns.1991.75.1.0154.
Paul Broca (1824-1880) was a well-known French surgeon-anthropologist-neurologist. Best known for his work on cerebral cortical localization and speech mechanisms, Broca also carefully worked out skull and scalp localization for underlying cortical regions. In 1871, Broca treated a man who had sustained a scalp laceration from a blow to the head without loss of consciousness or skull fracture. The patient exhibited a nonfluent aphasia about 1 month after injury and became progressively obtunded and eventually comatose. Suspecting an intracranial abscess, Broca trephined at the region of the left third frontal convolution and drained an epidural abscess. The patient improved transiently but died a few days later. Autopsy showed a left-sided, predominantly frontal purulent meningoencephalitis. Broca's other neurosurgical contributions included various surgical cases, methods for scalp localization of the cerebral convolutions, extensive studies of skull and brain abnormalities, thermoencephalography, and the stimulation of younger surgical colleagues and neurologists to make practical use of cerebral localization.
保罗·布洛卡（1824 - 1880）是一位著名的法国外科医生、人类学家和神经学家。布洛卡因在大脑皮质定位和言语机制方面的工作而闻名，他还精心确定了潜在皮质区域的颅骨和头皮定位。1871年，布洛卡治疗了一名男子，该男子头部受击导致头皮裂伤，但未失去意识或颅骨骨折。受伤约1个月后，患者出现非流利性失语，并逐渐变得迟钝，最终昏迷。布洛卡怀疑有颅内脓肿，于是在左额下回第三脑回区域进行环钻术，排出了硬膜外脓肿。患者短暂好转，但几天后死亡。尸检显示为左侧以额叶为主的化脓性脑膜脑炎。布洛卡的其他神经外科贡献包括各种外科病例、大脑脑回头皮定位方法、对颅骨和大脑异常的广泛研究、脑温描记法，以及激励年轻的外科同事和神经学家实际应用大脑定位。
