Department of Rheumatology - Institute of Internal Medicine and Geriatrics, Italy.
Autoimmun Rev. 2010 Jul;9(9):622-6. doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2010.05.010. Epub 2010 May 10.
Sjögren's syndrome (SS) is a chronic, inflammatory, autoimmune disease characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands leading to qualitatively altered and diminished or absent salivary and lachrymal secretion, and by marked B-cell hyperreactivity. Many efforts have been made to define a panel of salivary and lachrymal markers helpful to design diagnostic tests able to replace blood tests and tissue biopsies for the diagnosis of primary and secondary SS. Several proteomic-based studies have indicated that a number of proteins and peptides can be considered SS biomarkers, being 2-3-fold up- or down-regulated compared to normal subject or having an exclusive presence in the saliva or tears of SS patients. Unfortunately, several factors make it difficult to define a comprehensive salivary and lachrymal panel of markers of SS, as the lack of a comprehensive proteomic analysis of human tears and saliva of healthy subjects, the lack of uniform protocols to collect and treat these samples, and the high grade of posttranslational modification of the proteins in these fluids.
干燥综合征（SS）是一种慢性、炎症性、自身免疫性疾病，其特征为外分泌腺的淋巴细胞浸润，导致唾液和泪液的质量改变、分泌减少或消失，并伴有明显的 B 细胞过度反应。为了设计能够替代血液检查和组织活检的诊断试验，以诊断原发性和继发性 SS，人们已经做出了许多努力来定义一组唾液和泪液标志物。一些基于蛋白质组学的研究表明，许多蛋白质和肽可以被认为是 SS 的生物标志物，与正常受试者相比，其表达水平上调或下调 2-3 倍，或者仅存在于 SS 患者的唾液或泪液中。不幸的是，有几个因素使得难以定义一个全面的 SS 唾液和泪液标志物的标志物组，如缺乏对健康受试者的人泪液和唾液的全面蛋白质组学分析、缺乏收集和处理这些样本的统一方案，以及这些体液中蛋白质翻译后修饰程度高。
