Gomes Pedro de Sousa, Juodzbalys Gintaras, Fernandes Maria Helena, Guobis Zygimantas
Laboratory of Pharmacology and Cellular Biocompatibility, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Porto Porto Portugal.
Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Medical Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Kaunas Lithuania.
J Oral Maxillofac Res. 2012 Apr 1;3(1):e3. doi: 10.5037/jomr.2012.3103.
The purpose of present paper is to critically address the recent advances on diagnostic procedures of Sjögren's syndrome, taking into account the attained local and systemic features of the disease.
A comprehensive review of the available literature regarding to the diagnostic approaches to Sjögren's syndrome was conducted. Eligible studies were identified by searching the electronic literature PubMed, Medline, Embase, and ScienceDirect databases for relevant reports (last search update January 2012) combining the MESH heading term "Sjögren's syndrome", with the words "diagnosis, diagnostic procedures, salivary gland function, ocular tests, histopathology, salivary gland imaging, serology". The authors checked the references of the selected articles to identify additional eligible publications and contacted the authors, if necessary.
Presented article addresses the established diagnostic criteria for Sjögren's syndrome and critically evaluates the most commonly used diagnostic procedures, presenting data from author's own clinical experience. Diagnostic criteria for Sjögren's syndrome are required both by healthcare professionals and patients, namely in order to provide a rational basis for the assessment of the symptoms, establish an individual disease prognosis, and orientate the therapeutic intervention.
Sjögren's syndrome is quite a common autoimmune disease of which the diagnosis and treatment are not easily established. Due to its systemic involvement, it can exhibit a wide range of clinical manifestations that contribute to confusion and delay in diagnosis. The use of proper diagnostic modalities will help to reduce the time to diagnosis and preserve the health and quality of life of patients with Sjögren's syndrome.
本文旨在批判性地探讨干燥综合征诊断方法的最新进展，同时考虑该疾病已明确的局部和全身特征。
对有关干燥综合征诊断方法的现有文献进行全面综述。通过在电子文献PubMed、Medline、Embase和ScienceDirect数据库中检索相关报告（最后一次检索更新于2012年1月）来确定符合条件的研究，检索词结合了医学主题词表（MESH）中的“干燥综合征”，以及“诊断、诊断程序、唾液腺功能、眼部检查、组织病理学、唾液腺成像、血清学”等词汇。作者查阅了所选文章的参考文献以识别其他符合条件的出版物，并在必要时与作者联系。
本文阐述了干燥综合征既定的诊断标准，并批判性地评估了最常用的诊断程序，同时展示了作者自身临床经验的数据。医疗专业人员和患者都需要干燥综合征的诊断标准，以便为症状评估提供合理依据、确定个体疾病预后并指导治疗干预。
干燥综合征是一种相当常见的自身免疫性疾病，其诊断和治疗并不容易确定。由于其累及全身，可表现出广泛的临床表现，这会导致诊断混乱和延误。使用适当的诊断方法将有助于缩短诊断时间，并维护干燥综合征患者的健康和生活质量。
