Discipline of Paediatrics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
J Clin Sleep Med. 2009 Dec 15;5(6):506-11.
Overweight and obesity are thought to increase the risk of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) among children. However, previous results have been inconsistent and appear to be confounded by both ethnicity and the different ages of children studied. To determine whether the association between excess weight and OSAS varies with age across childhood, we assessed polysomnographic data from a series of Caucasian children and adolescents referred for clinical evaluation of snoring.
Sleep and OSAS severity were assessed using polysomnography in 234 children aged 2.0 to 18.0 years. All children were referred for overnight evaluation of suspected OSAS. Severity of OSAS as a function of body mass and age were then evaluated.
Risk of OSAS among adolescents (age > or =12 years) was increased 3.5 fold with each standard-deviation increase in body mass index z-score. Risk of OSAS was not significantly increased with increasing body mass among younger children.
Similar to adults, adolescent children show an increased risk for having OSAS in association with overweight and obesity. For Caucasian children, overweight and obesity should be considered a significant risk for OSAS among adolescents or from age 12 years, especially when in combination with other established risk factors, including snoring and adenotonsillar hypertrophy.
超重和肥胖被认为会增加儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征（OSAS）的风险。然而，先前的结果并不一致，而且似乎受到种族和研究儿童年龄的不同的影响。为了确定超重与 OSAS 之间的关联是否因儿童期的年龄而异，我们评估了一系列因打鼾而接受临床评估的白种人儿童和青少年的多导睡眠图数据。
对 234 名 2.0 至 18.0 岁的儿童进行多导睡眠图评估睡眠和 OSAS 严重程度。所有儿童均因疑似 OSAS 进行过夜评估。然后评估了 OSAS 严重程度与体重和年龄的关系。
青少年（年龄≥12 岁）的 OSAS 风险随着体重指数 z 分数的每一个标准差增加而增加 3.5 倍。在年龄较小的儿童中，体重增加与 OSAS 风险增加没有显著相关性。
与成年人相似，青少年儿童超重和肥胖与 OSAS 风险增加相关。对于白种人儿童，超重和肥胖应被视为青少年或 12 岁以上儿童 OSAS 的重要危险因素，尤其是当与其他已确立的危险因素（包括打鼾和腺样体扁桃体肥大）相结合时。
