Crouzet Sébastien M, Kirchner Holle, Thorpe Simon J
Centre de Recherche Cerveau and Cognition, UMR, CNRS, Université Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
J Vis. 2010 Apr 28;10(4):16.1-17. doi: 10.1167/10.4.16.
Previous work has demonstrated that the human visual system can detect animals in complex natural scenes very efficiently and rapidly. In particular, using a saccadic choice task, H. Kirchner and S. J. Thorpe (2006) found that when two images are simultaneously flashed in the left and right visual fields, saccades toward the side with an animal can be initiated in as little as 120-130 ms. Here we show that saccades toward human faces are even faster, with the earliest reliable saccades occurring in just 100-110 ms, and mean reaction times of roughly 140 ms. Intriguingly, it appears that these very fast saccades are not completely under instructional control, because when faces were paired with photographs of vehicles, fast saccades were still biased toward faces even when the subject was targeting vehicles. Finally, we tested whether these very fast saccades might only occur in the simple case where the images are presented left and right of fixation by showing they also occur when the images are presented above and below fixation. Such results impose very serious constraints on the sorts of processing model that can be invoked and demonstrate that face-selective behavioral responses can be generated extremely rapidly.
先前的研究表明，人类视觉系统能够非常高效且迅速地在复杂自然场景中检测到动物。特别是，H. 基尔希纳和S. J. 索普（2006年）通过一项眼跳选择任务发现，当两幅图像同时在左右视野中闪现时，朝向有动物一侧的眼跳最早可在120 - 130毫秒内启动。在此我们表明，朝向人脸的眼跳甚至更快，最早可靠的眼跳在仅100 - 110毫秒时就会出现，平均反应时间约为140毫秒。有趣的是，这些非常快速的眼跳似乎并不完全受指令控制，因为当人脸与车辆照片配对时，即使受试者的目标是车辆，快速眼跳仍偏向人脸。最后，我们通过展示当图像呈现在注视点上方和下方时也会出现快速眼跳，来测试这些非常快速的眼跳是否仅在图像呈现在注视点左右的简单情况下才会发生。这些结果对可调用的处理模型类型施加了非常严格的限制，并表明可以极其迅速地产生对面部有选择性的行为反应。
