School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Suite E, 800 West Peachtree Street N.W., Atlanta, Georgia 30308, USA.
Environ Sci Technol. 2010 Jun 15;44(12):4409-15. doi: 10.1021/es9036836.
A growing number of advocates have argued that leasing is a "greener" form of business transactions than selling. Leasing internalizes the costs of process wastes and product disposal, placing the burden on the OEMs, who gain from reducing these costs. Product leasing results in closed material loops, promotes remanufacturing or recycling, and sometimes leads to shorter life cycles. This paper provides two case studies to quantitatively test these claims for two distinct product categories. Life cycle optimization and scenario analysis are applied, respectively, to the household appliance and computer industries to determine the effect that life spans have on energy usage and to what extent leasing the product versus selling it may influence the usage life span. The results show that products with high use impacts and improving technology can benefit from reduced life cycles (achieved through product leases), whereas products with high manufacturing impacts and no improving technology do not.
越来越多的支持者认为，租赁是一种比销售“更环保”的商业交易形式。租赁将工艺废物和产品处置的成本内部化，将负担转嫁给原始设备制造商，原始设备制造商通过降低这些成本获得收益。产品租赁导致闭环材料循环，促进再制造或回收，有时还导致生命周期缩短。本文提供了两个案例研究，分别针对两个不同的产品类别，对这些说法进行定量测试。生命周期优化和情景分析分别应用于家电和计算机行业，以确定产品使用寿命对能源使用的影响，以及租赁产品而不是销售产品会在多大程度上影响产品的使用寿命。结果表明，使用影响大且技术不断改进的产品可以从缩短的生命周期中受益（通过产品租赁实现），而制造影响大且技术没有改进的产品则不能。
