Fowler Kennedy Sports Medicine Clinic, London, ON, Canada.
J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2010 Oct;40(10):656-65. doi: 10.2519/jospt.2010.3224.
Randomized controlled trial using a repeated-measures design.
To examine the effects of commonly used recovery interventions on time trial performance, immune changes, and psychological outcomes.
The use of cryotherapy is popular among athletes, but few studies have simultaneously examined physiological and psychological responses to different recovery strategies.
Nine active men performed 3 trials, consisting of three 50-kJ "all out" cycling bouts, with 20 minutes of recovery after each bout. In a randomized order, different recovery interventions were applied after each ride for a given visit: rest, active recovery (cycling at 50 W), or cryotherapy (cold tub with water at 10°C). Blood samples obtained during each session were analyzed for lactate, IL-6, total leukocyte, neutrophil, and lymphocyte cell counts. Self-assessments of pain, perceived exertion, and lower extremity sensations were also completed.
Time trial performance averaged 118 ± 10 seconds (mean ± SEM) for bout 1 and was 8% and 14% slower during bouts 2 (128 ± 11 seconds) and 3 (134 ± 11 seconds), respectively, with no difference between interventions (time effect, P≤.05). Recovery intervention did not influence lactate or IL-6, although greater mobilization of total leukocytes and neutrophils was observed with cryotherapy. Lymphopenia during recovery was greater with cryotherapy. Participants reported that their lower extremities felt better after cryotherapy (mean ± SEM, 6.0 ± 0.7 out of 10) versus active recovery (4.8 ± 0.9) or rest (2.8 ± 0.6) (trial effect, P≤.05).
Common recovery interventions did not influence performance, although cryotherapy created greater immune cell perturbation and the perception that the participants' lower extremities felt better.
采用重复测量设计的随机对照试验。
研究常用恢复干预措施对计时赛表现、免疫变化和心理结果的影响。
冷冻疗法在运动员中很受欢迎，但很少有研究同时检查不同恢复策略对生理和心理的反应。
9 名活跃男性进行了 3 次试验，包括 3 次 50kJ 的“全力”自行车冲刺，每次冲刺后有 20 分钟的恢复期。在随机顺序下，每次骑行后在特定访问中应用不同的恢复干预措施：休息、主动恢复（以 50W 骑行）或冷冻疗法（水温为 10°C 的冷水浴）。在每次试验中采集血液样本，分析乳酸、IL-6、总白细胞、中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞计数。还完成了疼痛、感知用力和下肢感觉的自我评估。
第 1 次冲刺的计时赛平均成绩为 118±10 秒（平均值±SEM），第 2 次冲刺的成绩分别慢了 8%和 14%，用时为 128±11 秒和 134±11 秒，干预措施之间没有差异（时间效应，P≤.05）。恢复干预措施并不影响乳酸或 IL-6，尽管冷冻疗法会引起总白细胞和中性粒细胞更大的迁移。恢复期间淋巴细胞减少更多见于冷冻疗法。参与者报告说，与主动恢复（4.8±0.9）或休息（2.8±0.6）相比，冷冻疗法后他们的下肢感觉更好（平均值±SEM，6.0±0.7 分，满分 10 分）（试验效应，P≤.05）。
常见的恢复干预措施不会影响表现，尽管冷冻疗法会引起更大的免疫细胞紊乱，并且参与者感觉他们的下肢感觉更好。
