Kamphues J, Drochner W
Institut für Tierernährung, Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover.
Tierarztl Prax. 1991 Feb;19(1):1-7.
Practicing veterinarians should realize that the symptoms of ergot intoxication may differ markedly. Gangrenous alterations (ears, feet, tail) as well as convulsive signs (excitability) are described as typical symptoms of ergotism. It is noteworthy that inadequate development of the udder and lactation failure may also be related to ergot contaminated diets. Ergot contamination of diets is caused by grain infection with Claviceps purpurea and sometimes by infection of grass and weed (in grain). The frequency of ergot contamination is high in rye, triticale and wheat and varies in relation to region, climatic conditions and kind of wheat. For diagnosis of ergot contamination a thorough visual inspection of the used diet is to be recommended. Due to the variation of ergots (infected grain, infected weed) it is difficult to determine the contamination in prepared feed mixtures. The anamnestic procedure, method of visual feed inspection as well as a chromatographic method for detection of ergot alkaloids in feed samples are described to facilitate the detection of possible ergot related cases.
执业兽医应认识到麦角中毒的症状可能有显著差异。坏疽性病变（耳朵、蹄部、尾巴）以及惊厥体征（兴奋性）被描述为麦角中毒的典型症状。值得注意的是，乳房发育不全和泌乳失败也可能与受麦角污染的日粮有关。日粮的麦角污染是由谷物被紫麦角菌感染引起的，有时也由草和杂草（在谷物中）感染所致。黑麦、小黑麦和小麦中麦角污染的频率较高，且因地区、气候条件和小麦种类而异。对于麦角污染的诊断，建议对所用日粮进行全面的目视检查。由于麦角（受感染的谷物、受感染的杂草）存在差异，因此很难确定配制好的饲料混合物中的污染情况。文中描述了问诊程序、饲料目视检查方法以及检测饲料样品中麦角生物碱的色谱方法，以促进对可能与麦角有关病例的检测。
