López T A, Campero C M, Chayer R, de Hoyos M
Departamento de Producción Animal, Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Balcarce, INTA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
J Vet Diagn Invest. 1997 Jan;9(1):68-71. doi: 10.1177/104063879700900112.
Poisoning of domestic animals happens frequently in the southeast of Buenos Aires Province (Argentina). Intoxications are produced mainly by the ingestion of plants and mycotoxins, but animals are rarely affected simultaneously by both types of agents. One herd of pigs suffered simultaneous intoxications by ergot alkaloids from Claviceps purpurea sclerotia and furocoumarins from Ammi majus seeds. Pigs were fed a diet composed of wheat (poor quality) or corn and protein and vitamin supplements. This diet was completed with forage sorghum. Nervous signs were first observed 5-7 days after the initiation of feeding the suspect ration. These signs were followed by cutaneous irritation. Snout ulcers, eyelid edema, and conjunctivitis were observed in several piglets. Ten days after the start of feeding the incriminated ration, 8 abortions were observed. Many of the sows that were nursing piglets developed udder edema and teat cracking. Dermal lesions were observed in most of the animals with unpigmented areas in the skin but not in a Duroc-Jersey boar. Removal of the incriminated diet and feeding of another diet prepared with good-quality wheat allowed all the animals to recover in 15 days. The herd experienced normal pregnancies and parturitions, litter sizes, and piglet weights when fed a cleaned portion of the poor-quality wheat. No photosensitization lesions were observed. Examination of impurities in the suspected wheat indicated the presence of 2.2% of A. majus seeds and 0.14% of C. purpurea sclerotia. The quantitative analysis indicated the presence of 3.2 g xanthotoxin and 0.65 g bergaptene/100 g A. majus seeds and 0.73 g ergot alkaloids (expressed as ergonovine) per 100 g of C. purpurea sclerotia. Qualitative analysis demonstrated the presence of ergotamine, ergocristine, and ergonovine. These results indicate that clinical signs and lesions were caused by the ingestion of large quantities of these biologically active compounds.
家畜中毒事件在阿根廷布宜诺斯艾利斯省东南部频繁发生。中毒主要由摄入植物和霉菌毒素引起，但动物很少同时受到这两种毒素的影响。一群猪同时因紫麦角菌菌核中的麦角生物碱和大阿米芹种子中的呋喃香豆素而中毒。猪的饲料由（质量差的）小麦或玉米以及蛋白质和维生素补充剂组成。这种饲料还搭配了饲用高粱。在开始投喂可疑日粮5 - 7天后首次观察到神经症状。随后出现皮肤刺激症状。在几只仔猪身上观察到鼻溃疡、眼睑水肿和结膜炎。在投喂有罪日粮10天后，观察到8例流产。许多哺乳母猪出现乳房水肿和乳头皲裂。大多数动物都出现了皮肤病变，皮肤有未着色区域，但一头杜洛克 - 泽西公猪未出现。去除有罪日粮并投喂用优质小麦配制的另一种日粮后，所有动物在15天内康复。当给这群猪投喂经过清理的部分劣质小麦时，它们经历了正常的怀孕、分娩、窝产仔数和仔猪体重。未观察到光敏性病变。对可疑小麦中的杂质进行检测表明，其中含有2.2%的大阿米芹种子和0.14%的紫麦角菌菌核。定量分析表明，每100克大阿米芹种子中含有3.2克花椒毒素和0.65克佛手柑内酯，每100克紫麦角菌菌核中含有0.73克麦角生物碱（以麦角新碱表示）。定性分析表明存在麦角胺、麦角克碱和麦角新碱。这些结果表明，临床症状和病变是由摄入大量这些生物活性化合物引起的。
