Department of Child and Adolescent Neurology and Psychiatry and Italian NNNS Centre for Infant Neurobehavioural Study, Scientific Institute 'E. Medea', Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy.
Br J Dev Psychol. 2010 Jun;28(Pt 2):347-68. doi: 10.1348/026151009x416429.
Pre-term birth has a significant impact on infants' social and emotional competence, however, little is known about regulatory processes in pre-term mother-infant dyads during normal or stressful interactions. The primary goals of this study were to investigate the differences in infant and caregiver interactive behaviour and dyadic coordination of clinically healthy pre-term compared to full-term infant-mother dyads and to examine pre-term infants' capacity for coping with stress using the face-to-face still-face paradigm (FFSF). Fifty mother-infant dyads, including 25 pre-term infants and 25 full-term infants were videotaped during the FFSF. All infants were 6-9 months of age (corrected for gestational age in the pre-term group). Infant and maternal socio-emotional expressivity and self-regulatory behaviours were coded and measures of dyadic coordination (Matching, Reparation Rate, and Synchrony) were calculated. There were no significant differences in infant and caregiver socio-emotional behaviours between the two groups and both groups demonstrated the still-face (SF) effect and the reunion effect. There was a difference in self-regulatory behaviour. Pre-term infants were more likely than full-term infants to use distancing (e.g., by turning away, twisting, or arching) from their mothers during the FFSF. Additionally, during the Reunion episode of the FFSF pre-term infants showed more social monitoring compared to full-term infants. Regardless of the birth status, the dyads showed less coordination and a slower rate of reparation during the Reunion episode than during the Play episode. The higher proportion of distancing in the pre-term group and the increase in social monitoring suggest that even in normal interactions pre-term infants may experience a higher level of stress and have less capacity for self-regulation compared to the full-terms and that pre-term infants appear to use a compensatory strategy of increased social monitoring to cope with the stress of renegotiating the interaction during Reunion. The findings suggest that pre-term infants have different regulatory and interactive capacities than full-term infants.
早产对婴儿的社会和情感能力有重大影响，但对于正常或应激互动中早产儿母婴对子的调节过程知之甚少。本研究的主要目的是研究与足月婴儿相比，临床健康早产儿的婴儿和照顾者互动行为以及母婴对子的协调差异，并使用面对面静止面孔范式（FFSF）研究早产儿应对压力的能力。在 FFSF 期间，对 50 对母婴对子（包括 25 名早产儿和 25 名足月婴儿）进行了录像。所有婴儿的年龄均为 6-9 个月（在早产儿组中按矫正胎龄计算）。对婴儿和母亲的社会情感表达能力和自我调节行为进行了编码，并计算了母婴对子的协调度（匹配度、修复率和同步性）。两组婴儿和照顾者的社会情感行为没有显著差异，两组均表现出静止面孔（SF）效应和团聚效应。自我调节行为存在差异。与足月婴儿相比，早产儿在 FFSF 期间更有可能与母亲保持距离（例如，转身、扭动或拱起）。此外，在 FFSF 的团聚情节中，早产儿比足月婴儿表现出更多的社会监控。无论出生状况如何，与游戏情节相比，母婴对子在团聚情节中显示出协调度较低，修复速度较慢。早产儿组中距离较大的比例增加和社会监控的增加表明，即使在正常互动中，早产儿可能比足月婴儿经历更高水平的压力，自我调节能力较低，并且早产儿似乎使用增加社会监控的补偿策略来应对团聚时重新协商互动的压力。研究结果表明，早产儿的调节和互动能力与足月婴儿不同。
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