Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
Br J Dev Psychol. 2010 Jun;28(Pt 2):449-65. doi: 10.1348/026151009x424565.
In these studies, we examined how a default assumption about word meaning, the mutual exclusivity assumption and an intentional cue, gaze direction, interacted to guide 24-month-olds' object-word mappings. In Expt 1, when the experimenter's gaze was consistent with the mutual exclusivity assumption, novel word mappings were facilitated. When the experimenter's eye-gaze was in conflict with the mutual exclusivity cue, children demonstrated a tendency to rely on the mutual exclusivity assumption rather than follow the experimenter's gaze to map the label to the object. In Expt 2, children relied on the experimenter's gaze direction to successfully map both a first label to a novel object and a second label to a familiar object. Moreover, infants mapped second labels to familiar objects to the same degree that they mapped first labels to novel objects. These findings are discussed with regard to children's use of convergent and divergent cues in indirect word mapping contexts.
在这些研究中，我们考察了一个关于单词含义的默认假设、互斥假设和一个有意的线索，即注视方向，如何相互作用来引导 24 个月大的婴儿进行物体-单词映射。在实验 1 中，当实验者的目光与互斥假设一致时，新的单词映射得到了促进。当实验者的眼神与互斥线索冲突时，孩子们表现出倾向于依赖互斥假设而不是跟随实验者的目光将标签映射到物体上。在实验 2 中，孩子们依赖于实验者的注视方向，成功地将第一个标签映射到一个新的物体上，将第二个标签映射到一个熟悉的物体上。此外，婴儿将第二个标签映射到熟悉的物体的程度与将第一个标签映射到新物体的程度相同。这些发现与儿童在间接单词映射语境中使用收敛和发散线索的情况有关。
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