Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, China.
Aust N Z J Psychiatry. 2010 Jun;44(6):495-504. doi: 10.3109/00048671003785716.
Predictors of employment outcomes of individuals with schizophrenia have continued to be studied over the past decade with implications for the development of vocational interventions to help the mentally ill get and keep jobs.
A total of 62 relevant studies since 1998 were systematically reviewed by means of meta-analysis and frequency counts. Frequency count allowed all 62 studies to be included, whereas the meta-analysis excluded studies with inadequate information but made it possible to estimate the magnitude of effects.
Both methods resulted in similar findings. In contrast to an earlier review, cognitive functioning received overwhelming support as a significant predictor. Other significant predictors included education, negative symptoms, social support and skills, age, work history (previous history of successful employment), and rehabilitation service to restore community functioning and well-being by occupational therapists, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers and other mental health professionals. Positive symptoms, substance abuse, gender and hospitalization history were found to be non-significant predictors. The frequency count did not support marital status as a significant predictor but the meta-analysis did.
This review highlights increasing sophistication in understanding the links between individual characteristics and functional impairments. It also suggests that more research is needed into other potentially important predictors that may be changeable and relate to recovery. These include attitudes and beliefs about disability payments and psychological processes such as self-stigmatization, negative beliefs, and social skills deficits for which intervention may be possible.
在过去的十年中，人们一直在研究精神分裂症患者就业结果的预测因素，这对制定职业干预措施以帮助精神病患者获得和保持工作有重要意义。
通过荟萃分析和频率计数，系统地回顾了自 1998 年以来的 62 项相关研究。频率计数允许包含所有 62 项研究，而荟萃分析则排除了信息不足的研究，但使估计效应的大小成为可能。
这两种方法得出了相似的发现。与早期的综述相比，认知功能得到了压倒性的支持，被认为是一个重要的预测因素。其他重要的预测因素包括教育、阴性症状、社会支持和技能、年龄、工作经历（以前成功就业的历史），以及职业治疗师、精神科医生、心理学家、社会工作者和其他心理健康专业人员提供的康复服务，以恢复社区功能和幸福感。阳性症状、药物滥用、性别和住院史被发现是非显著的预测因素。频率计数不支持婚姻状况是一个重要的预测因素，但荟萃分析支持。
本综述强调了在理解个体特征与功能障碍之间的联系方面日益复杂。它还表明，需要更多的研究来探讨其他可能重要的、可改变的、与康复相关的预测因素。这些因素包括对残疾津贴的态度和信念，以及心理过程，如自我污名化、消极信念和社会技能缺陷，对此可以进行干预。
