Department of Immunopharmacology, Research Institute of Pharmacology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Tomsk, Russia.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2010 Aug;10(8):933-42. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2010.05.005. Epub 2010 May 17.
A pectic polysaccharide was isolated from the rhizomes of Acorus calamus L. The main component of its carbohydrate chain was represented by residues of D-galacturonic acid (>85%). In addition, this polysaccharide contained residues of galactose, arabinose, xylose and rhamnose (<10%). Structural analysis of pectic polysaccharide from A.calamus L. with NMR spectroscopy indicated that it contains the regions of a linear 1,4-alpha-D-galactopyranosyluronan, which represents a major component of the macromolecule. A considerable amount of galacturonic acid residues was not methoxylated. We demonstrate here that the pectic polysaccharide from A. calamus L. in low concentrations was able to stimulate in vitro IL-12 and nitric oxide production by murine macrophages. It also induced TNF-alpha secretion by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells, reduced arginase activity but did not affect IL-10 secretion by murine macrophages or human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The IL-12 and NO-stimulating effects on murine macrophages were similar to that of LPS. In addition, the polysaccharide promoted in vivo Th1 immune response in mice which were immunized with sheep red blood cells (DTH and quantity of plaque-forming cells) and down regulated serum level of IgG1 and IgE during Th2-depend immune response induced by ovalbumin. The PS increased Th1-induced edema and suppressed Th2-induced paw swelling in adoptive systems. Our results suggest that the pectic polysaccharide from A. calamus L. represents a promising immunomodulating agent that stimulates M1-polarized macrophages and promotes Th1-oriented adaptive immune response. We propose that this polysaccharide could be potentially applied for treatment of infectious, oncological diseases or for immunoglobulin-E-mediated disorders.
菖蒲果胶多糖从菖蒲根茎中分离得到。其糖链的主要成分是 D-半乳糖醛酸残基（>85%）。此外，这种多糖还含有半乳糖、阿拉伯糖、木糖和鼠李糖残基（<10%）。用 NMR 光谱法对菖蒲果胶多糖的结构分析表明，它含有线性 1,4-α-D-半乳糖吡喃糖醛酸的区域，这是该大分子的主要成分。相当数量的半乳糖醛酸残基未被甲氧基化。我们在这里证明，菖蒲中低浓度的果胶多糖能够刺激体外小鼠巨噬细胞产生 IL-12 和一氧化氮。它还诱导人外周血单核细胞分泌 TNF-α，降低精氨酸酶活性，但不影响小鼠巨噬细胞或人外周血单核细胞分泌 IL-10。对小鼠巨噬细胞的 IL-12 和 NO 刺激作用与 LPS 相似。此外，该多糖促进了用绵羊红细胞免疫的小鼠体内的 Th1 免疫反应（迟发型超敏反应和斑块形成细胞的数量），并在卵清蛋白诱导的 Th2 依赖免疫反应中下调了血清 IgG1 和 IgE 水平。PS 增加了 Th1 诱导的水肿，并抑制了 Th2 诱导的爪肿胀在过继转移系统中。我们的结果表明，菖蒲果胶多糖是一种有前途的免疫调节剂，它能刺激 M1 极化的巨噬细胞，促进 Th1 定向的适应性免疫反应。我们提出，这种多糖可能具有潜在的应用价值，可用于治疗感染性、肿瘤性疾病或 IgE 介导的疾病。
